Optical Fiber Communications

Abstract

Optical fibers are used extensively for data transmission systems because of their dielectric nature and their large information‐carrying capacity. Network architectures using multiple wavelength channels per optical fiber are utilized in local, metropolitan, or wide‐area applications to connect thousands of users having a wide range of transmission capacities and speeds. A powerful aspect of an optical communication link is that many different wavelengths can be sent along a fiber simultaneously in the 1300‐to‐1600‐ nm spectrum. The technology of combining a number of wavelengths onto the same fiber is known as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The concept of WDM used in conjunction with optical amplifiers has resulted in communication links that allow rapid communications between users in countries all over the world.

Direct laser writing of three-dimensional network structures as templates for disordered photonic materials

“…If transferred into a high dielectric material such as silicon (with n 3.6) the structures reported in our first article [1], derived from a jammed assembly of spheres with a diameter of a = 3. feature a band gap around λ ∼ 5.8 μm. This wavelength is still about four times larger than typical telecommunication wavelengths of λ ∼ 1.3-1.65 μm [23,24]. In order to shift the bandgap position towards shorter wavelengths, all lengths need to be scaled down.…”

“…Although some of these concepts, both for crystalline and disordered materials, can be tested on macroscopic length scales using microwaves [21] or ultrasound [22], most of the fundamental interest and possible technological applications concentrate on the infrared or visible range of the optical * Corresponding author: frank.scheffold@unifr.ch spectrum [2,7,23,24]. This means that typical structural length scales of the materials need to be scaled down to the submicron range.…”

Optical Properties of 1.47-μm Emission in Tm3+-doped Li2O-SrO-ZnO-Bi2O3 Glasses

“…There has been an ever growing demand for optical fiber communication capacity and system integration, driven mainly by the rapid growth of the Internet. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology enable the transmission of information in long distance and great capacity [3,4] . However, with the further development of the Internet, conventional silica-based Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, most of which work in the C-band (1530nm~1565nm), cannot meet the requirement of the growing fiber system any more.…”

Simulação multifísica utilizando método dos elementos finitos auxiliando interativamente a fabricação de moduladores eletro-ópticos em substratos de Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂.

“…Al Alumínio Al 2 O 3 Óxido de Alumínio Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 Germanato de Bismuto Bi 12 GeO 20 Óxido de Germânio e Bismuto Bi 4 Si 3 O 12 Silicato de Bismuto Bi 12 SiO 20 Óxido de Silício e Bismuto Bi 12 TiO 20 Óxido …”