Optical Feshbach resonances of alkaline-earth-metal atoms in a one- or two-dimensional optical lattice

Naidon, Pascal; Julienne, Paul S.

doi:10.1103/physreva.74.062713

Cited by 31 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…(6), except with U ee effectively set to infinity. Notice that here we suggest to use optical Feshbach resonances to affect e-e scattering, which is different from the typical application to g-g scattering [51,72,73,74,75]. Third, one can consider using a different ground state atom to represent state |e , which would set V ex = 0 in H (1,0) .…”

Section: Likelihood Of Lossy E-e Collisions and Possible Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…First, the large variety of stable atoms with two valence electrons (which includes not only alkaline-earths, but also Zn, Cd, Hg, and Yb) may have coincidentally an isotope with small |b ee /a ee |, which is more likely for lighter atoms [67]. Second, while obtaining a good optical Feshbach resonance [51,72,73,74,75] to reduce |b ee /a ee | might not be possible, it should be possible to use optical Feshbach resonances to enhance b ee and, thus, suppress [68,69,70] the virtual occupation of one site by two e atoms; H (1,0) would then have the same form as in Eq. (6), except with U ee effectively set to infinity.…”

Section: Likelihood Of Lossy E-e Collisions and Possible Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If γ 3 were the same in our case, γ 3 ≪ U gg + V ex would be satisfied. Ways of controlling the interactions via optical Feshbach resonances [51,72,73,74,75] may also be envisioned.…”

Section: Effects Of Three-body Recombinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…resonance techniques [51,72,73] to induce large γ 3 . To be able to resolve the superexchange coupling ∼ J 2 g /U gg in cases where n A or n B is equal to 3, one must have γ 3 < J 2 g /U gg .…”

Section: Effects Of Three-body Recombinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-orbital S U(N) magnetism with ultracold alkaline-earth atoms

et al. 2010

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Fermionic alkaline-earth atoms have unique properties that make them attractive candidates for the realization of novel atomic clocks and degenerate quantum gases. At the same time, they are attracting considerable theoretical attention in the context of quantum information processing. Here we demonstrate that when such atoms are loaded in optical lattices, they can be used as quantum simulators of unique many-body phenomena. In particular, we show that the decoupling of the nuclear spin from the electronic angular momentum can be used to implement many-body systems with an unprecedented degree of symmetry, characterized by the SU(N) group with N as large as 10. Moreover, the interplay of the nuclear spin with the electronic degree of freedom provided by a stable optically excited state allows for the study of spin-orbital physics. Such systems may provide valuable insights into strongly correlated physics of transition metal oxides, heavy fermion materials, and spin liquid phases.The interest in fermionic alkaline-earth atoms [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] stems from their two key features: (1) the presence of a metastable excited state 3 P 0 coupled to the ground 1 S 0 state via an ultranarrow doubly-forbidden transition [1] and (2) the almost perfect decoupling [1] of the nuclear spin I from the electronic angular momentum J in these two states, since they both have J = 0. This decoupling implies that s-wave scattering lengths involving states 1 S 0 and 3 P 0 are independent of the nuclear spin, aside from the restrictions imposed by fermionic antisymmetry. We show that the resulting SU(N) spin symmetry (where N = 2I + 1 can be as large as 10) together with the possibility of combining (nuclear) spin physics with (electronic) orbital physics open up a wide field of extremely rich many-body systems with alkaline-earth atoms.In what follows, we derive the two-orbital SU(N)-symmetric Hubbard model describing alkaline-earth atoms in 1 S 0 and 3 P 0 states trapped in an optical lattice. We focus on specific parameter regimes characterized by full or partial atom localization due to strong atomic interactions, where simpler effective spin Hamiltonians can be derived. The interplay between orbital and spin degrees of freedom in such effective models is a central topic in quantum magnetism and has attracted tremendous interest in the condensed matter community. Alkaline earth atoms thus provide, on the one hand, a unique opportunity for the implementation of some of these models for the first time in a defect-free and fully controllable environment. On the other hand, they open a new arena to study a wide range of models, many of which have not been discussed previously, even theoretically. We demonstrate, in particular, how to implement the KugelKhomskii model studied in the context of transition metal oxides [9, 10,11,12,13], the Kondo lattice model [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26] [27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34]. For example, we discuss how, by appropriately choosing the initial state, a single alkaline-earth atom s...

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Section: Likelihood Of Lossy E-e Collisions and Possible Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Likelihood Of Lossy E-e Collisions and Possible Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If γ 3 were the same in our case, γ 3 ≪ U gg + V ex would be satisfied. Ways of controlling the interactions via optical Feshbach resonances [51,72,73,74,75] may also be envisioned.…”

Section: Effects Of Three-body Recombinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Three-body Recombinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-orbital S U(N) magnetism with ultracold alkaline-earth atoms

et al. 2010

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“…In addition, the 1 S 0 -3 P 1 intercombination transition can be used for manipulation of the scattering length by optical Feshbach resonances [24,25], e. g., to create local defects and inhomogeneities in a BEC or in a trapped lattice gas. Due to the narrow line width inelastic losses are expected to be strongly suppressed, and the creation of ultracold Ca 2 molecules in the vibrational ground state can occur with large probability [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Bose-Einstein Condensation of Alkaline Earth Atoms:Ca40

et al. 2009

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We have achieved Bose-Einstein condensation of 40 Ca, the first for an alkaline earth element. The influence of elastic and inelastic collisions associated with the large ground-state s-wave scattering length of 40 Ca was measured. From these findings, an optimized loading and cooling scheme was developed that allowed us to condense about 2·10 4 atoms after laser cooling in a two-stage magnetooptical trap and subsequent forced evaporation in a crossed dipole trap within less than 3 s. The condensation of an alkaline earth element opens novel opportunities for precision measurements on the narrow intercombination lines as well as investigations of molecular states at the 1 S-3 P asymptotes.PACS numbers: 03.75.Hh, 67.85.HjThe first Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of a dilute quantum gas in 1995 has opened completely new avenues in physics. In subsequent years this quantum degenerate state could be reached with different species (for a recent list of references see, e. g., [1]). By far most research has been performed on alkali atomic and molecular BECs apart from hydrogen, metastable helium, chromium, and ytterbium. So far, no member of the alkaline earth elements could be brought to quantum degeneracy despite considerable effort [2,3]. The alkaline earth elements have unique properties, e. g., their narrow intercombination transitions or their ground state without a magnetic moment. Due to the non-degenerate ground state in 40 Ca and in the other alkaline earth elements, the associated simpler molecule structure allows for more accurate investigations of collisions [4,5]. Moreover, the vanishing magnetic moment in the ground and excited state will allow for novel applications in atom interferometry not hampered by phase shifts due to magnetic fields. Calcium has a particularly large ground state scattering length that not only made it interesting but also difficult to realize a BEC.Calcium (like the other alkaline earth elements) shares these properties with ytterbium which has a similar electronic structure [6] but has a five hundred-fold larger line width of the 1 S 0 -3 P 1 intercombination transition. This 370 Hz line width at 657 nm made calcium for some time the optical frequency standard with the lowest uncertainty in the visible [7]. Both technologies, optical frequency metrology and the generation of a BEC, can now be combined for novel applications.In this letter we report on the preparation of a 40 Ca BEC. Starting point for our experiment is a magnetooptical trap (MOT) on the 1 S 0 -1 P 1 transition in the singlet system. The vanishing ground-state magnetic moment prevents sub-Doppler cooling of 40 Ca in a MOT. To cool the atoms further we use a second MOT stage on the narrow intercombination line 1 S 0 -3 P 1 allowing for temperatures in the MOT as low as 15 µK. For efficient cooling we increase the scattering rate of this transition by quenching the upper state [8]. During both MOT stages an optical dipole trap is overlapped with the MOT. In order not to interfere with the narrow line cooling we choo...

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Controlling Decoherence Speed Limit of a Single Impurity Atom in a Bose–Einstein‐Condensate Reservoir

Song

Kuang

2019

Annalen der Physik

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The decoherence speed limit (DSL) of a single impurity atom immersed in a Bose-Einstein-condensed (BEC) reservoir when the impurity atom is in a double-well potential is studied. It is demonstrated how the DSL of the impurity atom can be manipulated by engineering the BEC reservoir and the impurity potential within experimentally realistic limits. It is shown that the DSL can be controlled by changing key parameters such as the condensate scattering length, the effective dimension of the BEC reservoir, and the spatial configuration of the double-well potential imposed on the impurity. The physical mechanisms of controlling the DSL at root of the spectral density of the BEC reservoir are uncovered.

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Optical Feshbach resonances of alkaline-earth-metal atoms in a one- or two-dimensional optical lattice

Cited by 31 publications

References 42 publications

Two-orbital S U(N) magnetism with ultracold alkaline-earth atoms

Two-orbital S U(N) magnetism with ultracold alkaline-earth atoms

Bose-Einstein Condensation of Alkaline Earth Atoms:Ca40

Controlling Decoherence Speed Limit of a Single Impurity Atom in a Bose–Einstein‐Condensate Reservoir

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