Optical Experiments and Weak Interactions

Bouchiat, Marie-Anne; Pottier, L.

doi:10.1126/science.234.4781.1203

Cited by 84 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The existence of three massive W ± and Z 0 bosons along with a massless photon predicted by the model was proven by an international team at CERN in 1983 [60]. Scientists interested in the origin of biomolecular handedness assume that the PV-weak neutral current (WNC) mediated by massive neutral Z 0 boson is intimately connected to the mirror symmetry breaking at the closed-shell biomolecular level as well as the atomic parity violation (APV) [61,62]. In chemistry, bioscience, and material science, left and right can interchange through a mirror.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mirror Symmetry Breaking in Helical Polysilanes: Preference between Left and Right of Chemical and Physical Origin

Fujiki

2010

Symmetry

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Abstract:From elemental particles to human beings, matter is dissymmetric with respect to mirror symmetry. In 1860, Pasteur conjectured that biomolecular handednesshomochirality-may originate from certain inherent dissymmetric forces existing in the universe. Kipping, a pioneer of organosilicon chemistry, was interested in the handedness of sodium chlorate during his early research life. Since Kipping first synthesized several Si-Si bonded oligomers bearing phenyl groups, Si-Si bonded high polymers carrying various organic groups-polysilanes-can be prepared by sodium-mediated condensation of the corresponding organodichlorosilanes. Among these polysilanes, optically active helical polysilanes with enantiomeric pairs of organic side groups may be used for testing the mirror symmetry-breaking hypothesis by weak neutral current (WNC) origin in the realm of chemistry and material science. Several theoretical studies have predicted that WNC-existing chiral molecules with stereogenic centers and/or stereogenic bonds allow for distinguishing between image and mirror image molecules. Based on several amplification mechanisms, theorists claimed that minute differences, though still very subtle, may be detectable by precise spectroscopic and physicochemical measurements if proper chiral molecular pairs were employed. The present paper reports comprehensively an inequality between six pairs of helical polysilane high polymers, presumably, detectable by (chir)optical and achiral 29 Si-/ 13 C-NMR spectra, and viscometric measurements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mirror Symmetry Breaking in Helical Polysilanes: Preference between Left and Right of Chemical and Physical Origin

Fujiki

2010

Symmetry

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“…For the geometry of fields in the present experiment ( fig. 2), the Stark-PV interference is proportional to the following pseudo-scalar rotational invariant [42,43]:…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic variation of parity violation in atomic ytterbium: Description of the measurement method and analysis of systematic effects

et al. 2019

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We present a detailed description of experimental studies of the parity violation effect in an isotopic chain of atomic ytterbium (Yb), whose results were reported in a recent Letter [Antypas et al., Nat. Phys. 15, 120 (2019) [1]]. We discuss the principle of these measurements, made on the Yb 6s 2 1 S0 →5d6s 3 D1 optical transition at 408 nm, describe the experimental apparatus, and give a detailed account of our studies of systematic effects in the experiment. Our results offer the first direct observation of the isotopic variation in the atomic parity violation effect, a variation which is in agreement with the prediction of the Standard Model. These measurements are used to constrain electron-proton and electron-neutron interactions, mediated by a light Z boson.

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“…By selecting in the fluorescence rate the contribution odd under the separate reversals of the electric field and the spin polarization, but even in the reversal of the light helicity, we can isolate the M Another observable physical quantity appearing in the absorption rate has been proposed in [47]. It does not require any spin polarization of the ground state, but it involves the application of a magnetic field B, transverse to the light beam, which enters explicitly into the definition of the pseudoscalar manifesting parity violation, E · ξk ∧ B.…”

Section: A Well Adapted Observable Physical Quantity and Two Intmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for forbidden-transition spectroscopy and parity violation measurements using a beam of cold stable or radioactive atoms

Sanguinetti

Guéna

Lintz

et al. 2003

The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular and Optical

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Laser cooling and trapping offers the possibility of confining a sample of radioactive atoms in free space. Here, we address the question of how best to take advantage of cold atom properties to perform the observation of as highly forbidden a line as the 6S-7S Cs transition for achieving, in the longer term, Atomic Parity Violation measurements in radioactive alkali isotopes. Another point at issue is whether one might do better with stable, cold atoms than with thermal atoms. To compensate for the large drawback of the small number of atoms available in a trap, one must take advantage of their low velocity. To lengthen the time of interaction with the excitation laser, we suggest choosing a geometry where the laser beam exciting the transition is colinear to a slow, cold atomic beam, either extracted from a trap or prepared by Zeeman slowing. We also suggest a new observable physical quantity manifesting APV, which presents several advantages: specificity, efficiency of detection, possibility of direct calibration by a parity conserving quantity of a similar nature. It is well adapted to a configuration where the cold atomic beam passes through two regions of transverse, crossed electric fields, leading both to differential measurements and to strong reduction of the contributions from the M1-Stark interference signals, potential sources of systematics in APV measurements. Our evaluation of signal to noise ratios shows that with available techniques, measurements of transition amplitudes, important as required tests of Atomic Theory should be possible in 133 Cs with a statistical precision of 10 −3 and probably also in Fr isotopes for production rates of > ∼ 10 6 Fr atoms s −1 . For APV measurements to become realistic, some practical realization of the collimation of the atomic beam as well as multiple passages of the excitation beam matching the atomic beam looks essential.

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Optical Experiments and Weak Interactions

Cited by 84 publications

References 69 publications

Mirror Symmetry Breaking in Helical Polysilanes: Preference between Left and Right of Chemical and Physical Origin

Mirror Symmetry Breaking in Helical Polysilanes: Preference between Left and Right of Chemical and Physical Origin

Isotopic variation of parity violation in atomic ytterbium: Description of the measurement method and analysis of systematic effects

Prospects for forbidden-transition spectroscopy and parity violation measurements using a beam of cold stable or radioactive atoms

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