Dynamically reconfigurable metasurfaces
promise compact and lightweight
spatial light modulation for many applications, including LiDAR, AR/VR,
and LiFi systems. Here, we design and computationally investigate
high-quality-factor silicon-on-lithium niobate metasurfaces with electrically
driven, independent control of its constituent nanobars for full phase
tunability with high tuning efficiency. Free-space light couples to
guided modes within each nanobar via periodic perturbations, generating
quality factors exceeding 30,000 while maintaining a bar spacing of <λ/1.5. We achieve
nearly 2π phase variation with an applied bias not exceeding
±25 V, maintaining a reflection efficiency above 91%. Using full-field
simulations, we demonstrate a high-angle (51°) switchable beamsplitter
with a diffracted efficiency of 93% and an angle-tunable beamsteerer,
spanning 18–31°, with up to 86% efficiency, all using
the same metasurface device. Our platform provides a foundation for
highly efficient wavefront-shaping devices with a wide dynamic tuning
range capable of generating nearly any transfer function.