Optical Emissions Observed During the Charged Aerosol Release Experiment (CARE I) in the Ionosphere

Bernhardt, P. A.; Baumgardner, J.; Bhatt, Asti; Erickson, P. J.; Larsen, M. F.; Pedersen, T. R.; Siefring, C. L.

doi:10.1109/tps.2011.2164944

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…In the CARE experiment, the dust size ranges from ∼100 nm to 1 μ m, corresponding to dust charge number Z d from 20 to 250 [ Bernhardt et al , 2011]. As the dust charge increases and the dust density is reduced while keeping n d Z d = 0.5, we begin to see a higher growth rate for Z d = 200, but the waves damp more rapidly after saturation.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objectives of the recent Charged Aerosol Release Experiment (CARE) [ Bernhardt , 2009; Bernhardt et al , 2011] are to examine the effect of artificially created, charged‐particulate layers in the ionosphere on the scatter of UHF, L‐Band and S‐Band radars. This is motivated in part by the fact that natural dusty plasmas associated with polar mesospheric clouds are well known to enhance the scatter of radar echoes in the frequency range from several MHz to 900 MHz [ Balsley et al , 1983; Cho and Kelley , 1993].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear evolution of the lower hybrid irregularities in artificially created dusty space plasmas

Scales

2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Plasma turbulence associated with the creation of an artificial dust layer in the earth's ionosphere is investigated. The lower hybrid turbulence is considered as the dust is injected across the geomagnetic field into the background plasma, which generates irregularities at times much longer than the dust charging period. A two-dimensional hybrid particle-in-cell model is developed to investigate the lower hybrid instability driven by the streaming charged dust beam. It is shown that turbulence near the lower hybrid frequency is generated which has spatial structure with enhanced electric fields in localized density depletions. The wave saturation involves ion and dust heating. Energization of ions perpendicular to the magnetic field is observed. The ratio of electron plasma frequency to electron gyro frequency plays an important role on the lower hybrid irregularity spatial structure. Important parameters of the dust cloud that impact nonlinear evolution of the waves are discussed for the regimes of upcoming space experiments. Similarities between past observations of lower hybrid turbulence observed during passive space experiments in the auroral region and lower hybrid turbulence generated by such active experiments is discussed.Citation: Fu, H., and W. A. Scales (2012), Nonlinear evolution of the lower hybrid irregularities in artificially created dusty space plasmas,

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Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear evolution of the lower hybrid irregularities in artificially created dusty space plasmas

Scales

2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Also, larger scale reductions in electron density due to the dust charging process are also possible. As discussed in section 2.4, the CARE series of sounding rocket experiments, which use solid rocket motors that produce Al O radars (Bernhardt et al 2011). Full analysis of the data from these experiments is still ongoing at this time.…”

Section: Active Dust Release Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charged dust phenomena in the near-Earth space environment

Scales

Mahmoudian

2016

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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Dusty (or complex) plasmas in the Earth's middle and upper atmosphere ultimately result in exotic phenomena that are currently forefront research issues in the space science community. This paper presents some of the basic criteria and fundamental physical processes associated with the creation, evolution and dynamics of dusty plasmas in the near-Earth space environment. Recent remote sensing techniques to probe naturally created dusty plasma regions are also discussed. These include ground-based experiments employing high-power radio wave interaction. Some characteristics of the dusty plasmas that are actively produced by space-borne aerosol release experiments are discussed. Basic models that may be used to investigate the characteristics of such dusty plasma regions are presented.

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“…Afterward, a notable campaign, Project Firefly, was conducted by the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory in 1960s [ Rosenberg , ; Rosenberg and Golomb , ; Rosenberg et al , , ], with the intention of investigating the effect of some different kinds of chemicals released. Since then, a mass of chemical releases have been performed, such as the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers (AMPTE) operation [ Gurnett et al , ; Bernhardt et al , ], the Brazilian Ionospheric Modification Experiment [ Klobuchar and Abdu , ], the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) experiments [ Huba et al , ; Bernhardt et al , ; Wescott et al , ], the space shuttle orbital maneuver subsystem engines [ Bernhardt et al , ], and the Charged Aerosol Release Experiments [ Bernhardt et al , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A temporal three‐dimensional simulation of samarium release in the ionosphere

Hongwei

Feng

et al. 2016

JGR Space Physics

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For understanding plasma processes of the ionosphere and magnetosphere, the alkali and alkaline‐earth metals are usually released in space for artificially increasing the electron density. However, it is a limitation that these releases must be in sunlight where the photoionization can take place. In recent years, the lanthanide metals, such as samarium, have been released to produce electrons in reaction with atomic oxygen in the upper space. The reaction could proceed without sunlight so that the restriction on experimental periods is broken. Unfortunately, any sophisticated models even preliminary ones are unavailable yet in the literature. A temporal three‐dimensional model is presented for the samarium release in detail with respect to various altitudes and mass. Especially, the plasma diffusion equation is remarkably extended from 2‐D to 3‐D by importing the influence of geomagnetic declination, which could be also useful for other chemical releases. The field‐aligned terms are brought so as to the presented model can describe the diffusion along the geomagnetic field subtly. On the basis of the presented model, behaviors of radio waves propagating through the release area are simulated by using ray tracing. This model could be as the theoretical support for samarium releases, and it also helpful for the research on the generation and evolution of the ionosphere irregularities.

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Optical Emissions Observed During the Charged Aerosol Release Experiment (CARE I) in the Ionosphere

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Nonlinear evolution of the lower hybrid irregularities in artificially created dusty space plasmas

Nonlinear evolution of the lower hybrid irregularities in artificially created dusty space plasmas

Charged dust phenomena in the near-Earth space environment

A temporal three‐dimensional simulation of samarium release in the ionosphere

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