Optical emission from a ‘beam mode’ transparent cathode glow discharge

Abstract

We investigate optical emission from a low-pressure ‘beam mode’ inertial electrostatic confinement glow discharge, created using cylindrical grid electrodes, having cathode inside a grounded, concentric anode. Spectral line distributions were measured in helium from this and a hollow cathode mode, with four lines emitted from singlet and triplet states with n = 3 and L = P and D compared against simple models for impact excitation by electrons and by ions and neutrals, suggesting much beam mode emission is caused by fast neutrals, and a significant component also caused by electrons. Beam mode emission occurs in a pattern of radial lines, that pass through aligned electrode apertures and extend across the chamber. Shadows cast by the electrode wires indicate electrically-neutral, beam-like sources of excitation, that cross the electrode assembly from bright radial lines in the opposing inter-electrode space, and calculated potential distributions show lensing surfaces around the anode grid apertures, focussing for inward-drifting ions. These indicate the emission pattern is caused by radially-convergent ion beams, and co-linear beams of fast neutrals produced in these. Emission was also observed with various alterations made to the electrode arrangement: with the anode removed, no beams were observed; with the cathode apertures rotated out of phase with those of the anode, bright radial beams between the electrodes followed the distribution of anode apertures; similar beams appeared with the grid cathode replaced by a solid version. In these experiments, progressive obstruction of pathways through the cathode caused increasing reduction in the beam pattern of emission beyond the anode radius, and in discharge perveance at similar pressure and voltage. Beam-like emission was also observed for a parallel-planar configuration, in which a cathode grid was held between two identical anode grids. The beam mode is shown to be a convergent, anode-focussed ion beam discharge, distinct to the star mode described elsewhere.

Operating modes in a low-pressure glow discharge with hollow cathode

“…One of the problems in comparing the model with experiment was a shortage of information on the current distribution over the cathode surface for different discharge modes. In the experiments described below, we use a cathode cavity made of a mashed metal grid, which provides a direct optical observation of the plasma inside the cathode cavity [33]. Besides, the additional data on the current distribution is obtained by means of measuring the current from the separate sections of cathode.…”