Optical detection of terahertz radiation by using nonlinear parametric upconversion

Khan, Muhammad Jalal; Chen, Jerry C.; Kaushik, Sumanth

doi:10.1364/ol.32.003248

Cited by 42 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Nonlinear optical detection using various bulk crystals such as LiNbO 3 , [4,5] GaSe, [6] GaP, [7] ZnGeP 2 , [8] GaAs, [9] and 4-dimethylamino-N'-methyl-4'-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST), [10] has been promoted as a promising technique for sensitive THz detectors. Response to THz energies of less than a femtojoule has been achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive terahertz-wave detector using a quasi-phase-matched LiNbO₃at room temperature

et al. 2014

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Sensitive terahertz (THz)-wave sensor at room temperature is crucial for most applications such as 2-dimensional realtime imaging and nonlinear phenomena in semiconductors caused by multi-photon absorption, light-induced ionization, and saturated absorption. LiNbO 3 is a promising material for frequency up-and down-conversion because of its high nonlinearity and high resistance to optical damage. In this report, we propose a slant-stripe-type periodically poled Mg doped LiNbO 3 (PPMgLN) crystal for the construction of a practical THz detector. The PPMgLN solves compromised optical design and low coupling efficiency between THz and infrared (IR) pump beam due to imperfect dichroic coupler. The effective coupling of both pump beam and THz-wave into identical interaction region of up-conversion device promotes the THz detector in practical use. The phase-matched-condition in slant-stripe-type PPMgLN was designed to offer collinear propagation of two optical waves, the pump and up-conversion signal beams, because of efficient frequency conversion. The phase-mached-condition was calculated and a slant-stripe-type PPMgLN with an angle (α) of 20° and a grating period (Λ) of 29.0 µm was used in this experiment. A minimum detectable energy of 0.3 pJ/pulse at the frequency of 1.6 THz was achieved with the pump energy of 1.8 mJ/pulse in room temperature. The dynamic range of the incident THz-wave energy of 60 dB was demonstrated. Further improving for the sensitivity using longer interaction length in a PPMgLN crystal was also investigated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive terahertz-wave detector using a quasi-phase-matched LiNbO₃at room temperature

et al. 2014

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“…Recently, several groups observed that a difference frequency was generated when weak THz was mixed with strong near-IR waves using nonlinear crystals like GaSe, GaAS, PPLN, bulk-LiNbO 3 and so on [6][7][8]. Their results demonstrate frequency up-conversion as an effective method to realize a high sensitivity THz-wave detection system working at room temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monochromatic, wide tunable terahertz-wave generation and detection system working at room temperature

Guo

Zhang

Minamide

et al. 2009

2009 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves

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An automatic phase matching technology, integrated with an angle-tuning mirror and a telescope, was designed for a surface emitted terahertz-wave (THz) parametric oscillator and a THz-wave detection unit using parametric up-conversion in MgO:LiNbO 3 . A monochromatic, wide tunable THz-wave generation and detection system working at room temperature was demonstrated. The system offers a dynamic range greater than 25dB and covers a frequency range of 1.2-2.6 THz.

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“…We employ GaAs, a χ (2) nonlinear crystal pumped with a readily obtainable erbium doped fiber amplifier, to parametrically upconvert a THz signal to telecomm wavelengths for subsequent detection by an optical detector. Our initial work used a low cost InGaAsP PIN [18]. Subsequently, we used a Geiger Mode APD achieving 4.5 pW/Hz 1/2 noise equivalent power (NEP) with 1 ns temporal resolution [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our initial work used a low cost InGaAsP PIN [18]. Subsequently, we used a Geiger Mode APD achieving 4.5 pW/Hz 1/2 noise equivalent power (NEP) with 1 ns temporal resolution [19]. χ (2) nonlinear interactions are intrinsically very fast; our temporal bandwidth was limited by the optical detector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-sensitive, room-temperature THz detection based on parametric upconversion by using a pulsed 1550nm optical source

Khan

Chen

Liau

et al. 2011

Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials, Devices, and Applications X

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We demonstrate ultra-sensitive optical detection of terahertz by using nonlinear parametric upconversion. Terahertz radiation is mixed with pump light at 1550 nm in a nonlinear crystal to generate an optical sideband or idler wave. The idler signal is separated from the optical pump, coupled into an optical fiber and detected using a Geiger-mode avalanche photo-diode. Our scheme to detect THz waves leverages mature technology at 1550 nm developed for telecommunications to enable ultra-sensitive detection at room-temperature. We have fabricated a diffusion-bonded, quasi phasematched GaAs crystal, a χ (2) nonlinear material, that is pumped with a readily obtainable erbium doped fiber amplifier to perform the parametric conversion. We demonstrate efficient upconversion of terahertz radiation using both a continuous-wave THz source operating at 0.82 THz and a pulsed sub-picosecond THz source with spectral coverage from 0.5 THz to 1.5 THz. The resulting THz detector has a noise equivalent power of 78 fW/Hz 1/2 with a timing resolution of 1 ns. χ (2) nonlinear interactions are intrinsically very fast; our temporal bandwidth is limited by the optical detector. Additionally, the THz detector demonstrates a broadband response with a phase-matching bandwidth exceeding 1 THz. This noise equivalent power of 78 fW/Hz 1/2 and the corresponding power conversion efficiency of 1.2 × 10 -3 are the best reported, to our knowledge. This paper presents both theoretical and experimental results.

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Optical detection of terahertz radiation by using nonlinear parametric upconversion

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Sensitive terahertz-wave detector using a quasi-phase-matched LiNbO₃at room temperature

Sensitive terahertz-wave detector using a quasi-phase-matched LiNbO₃at room temperature

Monochromatic, wide tunable terahertz-wave generation and detection system working at room temperature

Ultra-sensitive, room-temperature THz detection based on parametric upconversion by using a pulsed 1550nm optical source

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Optical detection of terahertz radiation by using nonlinear parametric upconversion

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Sensitive terahertz-wave detector using a quasi-phase-matched LiNbO3at room temperature

Sensitive terahertz-wave detector using a quasi-phase-matched LiNbO3at room temperature

Monochromatic, wide tunable terahertz-wave generation and detection system working at room temperature

Ultra-sensitive, room-temperature THz detection based on parametric upconversion by using a pulsed 1550nm optical source

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Sensitive terahertz-wave detector using a quasi-phase-matched LiNbO₃at room temperature

Sensitive terahertz-wave detector using a quasi-phase-matched LiNbO₃at room temperature