Optical Detection of Fat Concentration in Milk Using MXene-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Structure

Abstract

MXene (Ti3C2Tx) has emerged very recently as an interacting material for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) configuration. It was discovered that Ti3C2Tx can facilitate the adsorption of biomolecules due to its higher binding energies, stronger interaction between matter and light, and larger surface area. In this work, a two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx and silicon layer-based SPR refractometric sensor is proposed for the sensitive and fast detection of milk fat concentration due to the high significance of this issue to people all over the world. The proposed SPR structure employs BK7 (BK7 is a designation for the most common Borosilicate Crown glass used for a variety of applications in the visible range) as a coupling prism and silver as a metal layer. The layer thicknesses and the number of Ti3C2Tx sheets are optimized for the highest performance. The highest reached sensitivity is 350 deg./RIU with 50 nm silver and 4 nm silicon with a monolayer of Ti3C2Tx, which is ultra-high sensitivity compared to the latest work that utilizes SPR configuration. The proposed SPR-based sensor’s ultra-high sensitivity makes it more attractive for usage in a variety of biosensing applications.

High-performance biosensors based on angular plasmonic of a multilayer design: new materials for enhancing sensitivity of one-dimensional designs

“…Consequently, in the light of the data presented in Table 6, it can be concluded that the performance of the proposed MHS composed of Prism/Ag/AlON/WS 2 /AlON/Sensing medium is better than the contemporary designs as previously reported in ref. 5, 46–48.…”

A theoretical approach for a new design of an ultrasensitive angular plasmonic chemical sensor using black phosphorus and aluminum oxide architecture

“…8 This coupling results in a strong localization of the electric eld called SPR. 9 The change in the refractive index of the analyte alters the wave vector associated with the surface plasmon, which is sensed with the help of the reectance of the TM polarized light. 8,9 The incident angle, which corresponds to the minimum reectance is called the resonance angle, and it is very sensitive to any change in the RI of the sensing medium.…”

“…9 The change in the refractive index of the analyte alters the wave vector associated with the surface plasmon, which is sensed with the help of the reectance of the TM polarized light. 8,9 The incident angle, which corresponds to the minimum reectance is called the resonance angle, and it is very sensitive to any change in the RI of the sensing medium. [8][9][10] Therefore, the change in the RI of the sensing medium results in a corresponding change in the reectance dip.…”

“…8,9 The incident angle, which corresponds to the minimum reectance is called the resonance angle, and it is very sensitive to any change in the RI of the sensing medium. [8][9][10] Therefore, the change in the RI of the sensing medium results in a corresponding change in the reectance dip. 10 This remarkable property of surface plasmons is used in designing various SPR sensors.…”

Portable Protein and Fat Detector in Milk Based on Multi-Spectral Sensor and Machine Learning

“…Zaky et al [24] proposed a novel biophoton sensor based on porous silicon ternary photonic crystals for more effective detection of fat concentration in milk. Alamwgan et al [25] used surface plasmon resonance structural optics based on MXene to detect fat concentration in milk, which was the first study to apply surface plasmon resonance to detect the fat concentration in milk. Yang et al [26] developed a portable milk composition detector based on an NIR micro-spectrometer, which has driven the development of small spectral instrument equipment.…”