Optical control of the internal and external angular momentum of a Bose-Einstein condensate

Wright, Kevin; Leslie, L. Suzanne; Bigelow, N. P.

doi:10.1103/physreva.77.041601

Cited by 93 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The measured profile and propagation are in excellent agreement with a numerical Fourier simulation we perform. Annular beams, characterized by a hollow ring cross section, are useful for a variety of applications, such as optical dipole traps for ultra-cold atoms [1][2][3][4][5][6], hollow optical tweezers for dielectric particles [7,8], imaging and super-resolution microscopy [9,10], long-ranged atmospheric optical communication [11,12] and material processing [13,14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Producing an efficient, collimated, and thin annular beam with a binary axicon

2018

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We propose and demonstrate a method to produce a thin and highly collimated annular beam that propagates similarly to an ideal thin Gaussian ring beam, maintaining its excellent propagation properties. Our optical configuration is composed of a binary axicon -a circular binary phase grating, and a lens, making it robust and well suited for high-power lasers. It has a near-perfect circular profile with a dark center, and its large radius to waist ratio is achieved with high conversion efficiency. The measured profile and propagation are in excellent agreement with a numerical Fourier simulation we perform. Annular beams, characterized by a hollow ring cross section, are useful for a variety of applications, such as optical dipole traps for ultra-cold atoms [1][2][3][4][5][6], hollow optical tweezers for dielectric particles [7,8], imaging and super-resolution microscopy [9,10], long-ranged atmospheric optical communication [11,12] and material processing [13,14].There are many techniques to produce annular beams. However, it is challenging to produce an ideal Gaussian ring beam that is minimally diffracting. Usually there is a compromise between ring parameters (thinness, darkness at the center), beam propagation (minimal diffraction, collimation, shape invariance), complexity, power handling and efficiency. Inter-cavity techniques for lasing in annular modes [15,16] may have a Gaussian-like profile with minimal and symmetric diffraction, at the expense of low gain and output versatility. Extra-cavity techniques to transform from Gaussian to annular beams can produce thin and dark beams with asymmetric or strong diffraction [1, 2], or efficient Gaussian-like annular beams with limited geometry [17][18][19][20][21][22].Widely used Laguerre Gaussian (LG) beams, LG l p of radial index p = 0 and azimuthal index l, have a Gaussian-like cylindrical profile with a radius to waist ratio of l/2 [23]. The highest efficiency of converting a Gaussian beam into LG 1 0 by typical extra-cavity techniques is ≈ 80% [19], but the overlap between a Gaussian beam and LG l 0 decays significantly with l. For a thin LG beam with radius to waist ratio of ≈ 10 it is practically zero [18].Many techniques to create annular beams, mostly extra-cavity, involve an axicon [17,[20][21][22][24][25][26][27], a refractive conical optical element which inflicts a linear radial phase to the refracted light. An axicon ideally transforms a Gaussian beam into a Bessel beam [28][29][30][31], which opens to a ring with a cylindrical profile of half a 1D Gaussian beam. The main drawback of the axicon is the inherent imperfection of its tip area, which cannot be infinitely polished to a point. The deviation of the output beam from the expected output, which is itself a non-ideal half Gaussian, is stronger for thinner rings requiring a smaller input waist that increases the overlap with the imperfect tip.In this Letter we discuss the propagation of Gaussian ring beams. We propose and demonstrate a novel method to produce a thin and highly collimated annular...

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confidence: 99%

Producing an efficient, collimated, and thin annular beam with a binary axicon

2018

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“…This inherent richness in the interaction provides a convenient degree of flexibility in controlling the condensate, allowing the creation of a variety of states not accessible in previous experiments. In Section II we outline the construction of a model of the system, subject to certain constraints which are of particular importance in modeling spatially inhomogeneous interactions [23]. Although the results presented here can be easily extended to other alkali atoms, we will focus on implementation in the F = 1 and F = 2 ground state sublevels of 87 Rb, which has a number of features that recommend it as a good choice for investigating BEC spinor physics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work we explore the interaction of Ramandetuned laser fields with an alkali BEC, with the purpose of developing general all-optical techniques for controlling the multi-component order parameter [23]. We choose an all optical approach because state manipulation can be readily realized on a microsecond time scale, and we focus on spin states within a single hyperfine manifold because this provides full access to spin mixing dynamics [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman coupling of Zeeman sublevels in an alkali-metal Bose-Einstein condensate

2008

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We investigate amplitude and phase control of the components of the spinor order parameter of a 87 Rb Bose-Einstein condensate. By modeling the interaction of the multilevel atomic system with a pair of Raman-detuned laser pulses, we show that it is possible to construct a pulse-sequence protocol for producing a desired state change within a single Zeeman manifold. We present several successful elementary tests of this protocol in both the F = 1 and F = 2 Zeeman manifolds of 87 Rb using the D1 transitions. We describe specific features of the interaction which are important for multimode, spatially-varying field configurations, including the role of state-dependent, light-induced potentials.

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“…One can detect the presence and sign of the undisturbed vortex by doing measurements on the separated part. In recent experiments of [11,14,15], two-photon transitions are used to transfer the OAM to the atomic BEC employing an LG and a Gaussian beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous theoretical and experimental studies related to creation of matter-wave vortex states, persistent current in BEC and coherent control of the OAM of atoms using interaction of ultra-cold atoms with optical vortex [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] have been reported over past two decades. Quantized vortex states play an essential role in macroscopic quantum phenomena like superfluidity and superconductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical manipulation of matter-wave vortices: An analog of circular dichroism

2015

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The transfer of orbital angular momentum from an optical vortex to an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate changes the vorticity of the condensate. The spatial mismatch between initial and final center-of-mass wavefunctions of the condensate influences significantly the two-photon optical dipole transition between corresponding states. We show that the transition rate depends on the handedness of the optical orbital angular momentum leading to optical manipulation of matter-wave vortices and circular dichroism-like effect. Based on this effect, we propose a method to detect the presence and sign of matter-wave vortex of atomic superfluids. Only a portion of the condensate is used in the proposed detection method leaving the rest in its initial state.

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Optical control of the internal and external angular momentum of a Bose-Einstein condensate

Cited by 93 publications

References 34 publications

Producing an efficient, collimated, and thin annular beam with a binary axicon

Producing an efficient, collimated, and thin annular beam with a binary axicon

Raman coupling of Zeeman sublevels in an alkali-metal Bose-Einstein condensate

Optical manipulation of matter-wave vortices: An analog of circular dichroism

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