Optical constants of water in the infrared: Influence of temperature*

Pinkley, Lary W.; Sethna, P. P.; Williams, Dudley

doi:10.1364/josa.67.000494

Cited by 117 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Upon condensation of water into its liquid phase these rotational and vibrational features transform into a single diffuse absorption at 3360 cm À1 . This large red shift is accompanied by a correspondingly dramatic increase in the integrated cross section from 8.14 · 10 À18 cm/molecule for the gas [57] to 1.43 · 10 À16 cm/molecule for liquid water at 16°C [58]. The full width at half-height of the OH stretching feature also broadens as a result of hydrogen bonding and shows a dependence on the molecular environment of hydrogen-bonded water molecules.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The integrated cross section of bulk water at 10°C was determined from the measured wavenumber dependent imaginary component, j, of the index of refraction [58] using the following equation:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting molecular cross section for water was found to be r ¼ 1.4 Â 10 À16 cm/molecule at 16°C [58] and is assumed to be the same at 10°C. The surface density of adsorbed water, S H 2 O , is then obtained from a modified Beer-Lambert relationship [63],…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Water on MgO(100)—An infrared study at ambient temperatures

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Water on MgO(100)—An infrared study at ambient temperatures

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This was expected, since the penetration depth of an ATR evanescent wave and the absorptivity of the dissolved species depend on the refractive indices of the medium, 23,26 which are nearly the same at 1643 cm -1 for H 2 O (n ) 1.32) as D 2 O (n ) 1.33). 27,28 Distortion of the spectra owing to changes of the refractive index in water around 1640 cm -1 , originating from overlap with strong OH-bending water vibration bands, proved to have a negligible effect on the data because distortions canceled out when experimental spectra were ratioed to background spectra. The test of the validity of this point was to inspect the spectra for symmetry (distortions, which depend on wavenumber, tending to produce asymmetric line shape), but as Figure 1 shows, absorption bands in water were symmetric in shape.…”

Section: Comparison Of Infrared Absorbance In H 2 O and D 2 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation and Order of Aqueous Organic Ions Adsorbed to a Solid Surface

Sukhishvili

Granick

1999

J. Phys. Chem. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The adsorption and orientation of an aqueous organic ion with anisotropic shape (1,4-dimethylpyridinium, P + ) at the surface of oxidized silicon carrying opposite charge (produced by conditions of high pH) were studied using polarized infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR). Orientation relative to the surface was quantified from the dichroic ratio of in-plane skeletal vibrations of the pyridinium ring (1643 and 1523 cm -1 ), and the adsorbed amount was inferred from the intensity of these bands. The sticking energy of the organic ion was slightly larger than that of small inorganic ions of the same charge (Li + , Na + , Cs + ). From relative quantities adsorbed in competitive adsorption, the relative sticking energy was quantified (∼7k B T relative to Na + at pH ) 9.2 and varying in the order Cs + > Na + > Li + by the total amount of 0.6k B T). At low ionic strength (no inorganic ions present except those in the buffer solution), P + stood preferably parallel to the surface when the surface coverage was low but more nearly upright both as its surface coverage increased and as the concentration of coadsorbed small ions increased. This shows the influence of steric packing on the orientation of this ion of asymmetric shape. The larger the hydrated diameter of the coadsorbed ion, the more the P + ion tilted away from the surface (H + < Li + , Na + , Cs + < Mg 2+ ). Furthermore, if the mass adsorbed exceeded a critical level, both the tilt and the amount adsorbed jumped in response to increasing P + concentration in bulk solution, with hysteresis upon dilution. This jump, together with the measured ellipsometric thickness and contact angle, suggests that the discontinuity involved structural change within a single monolayer. The organic ion thus behaved at the surface as an embryonic amphiphile, although in the bulk, micelle formation has not been reported.

show abstract

“…This technique is similar to the work of Wu and Smith (1997). ST-dependent refractive indices from Newman et al (2005) were used for the 11 mm and 12 mm emissivities, and from Pinkley et al (1977) for 3.9 mm. To account for non-direct emissivity, i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Bayesian cloud detection for satellite imagery. Part 1: Technique and validation for night-time imagery over land and sea

Mackie

Embury

Old

et al. 2010

International Journal of Remote Sensing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) fields are used to assist the detection of cloud in satellite imagery. Simulated observations based on NWP are used within a framework based on Bayes' theorem to calculate a physically-based probability of each pixel with an imaged scene being clear or cloudy. Different thresholds can be set on the probabilities to create application-specific cloud-masks. Here, this is done over both land and ocean using night-time (infrared) imagery. We use a validation dataset of difficult cloud detection targets for the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) achieving true skill scores of 87% and 48% for ocean and land, respectively using the Bayesian technique, compared to 74% and 39%, respectively for the threshold-based techniques associated with the validation dataset.

show abstract

Optical constants of water in the infrared: Influence of temperature*

Cited by 117 publications

References 15 publications

Water on MgO(100)—An infrared study at ambient temperatures

Water on MgO(100)—An infrared study at ambient temperatures

Orientation and Order of Aqueous Organic Ions Adsorbed to a Solid Surface

Generalized Bayesian cloud detection for satellite imagery. Part 1: Technique and validation for night-time imagery over land and sea

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About