Optical Coherence Tomography’s Contribution to the Diagnosis of the Pathologies of the Vitreoretinal Interface in Lomé

Abstract

Purpose: To identify the pathologies of the vitreoretinal interface by Optical Coherence Tomography OCT of the retina in Lomé. Methodology: This is a retrospective analytical study, carried out in a specialized liberal center in Lomé. It was based on the analysis of OCT images of the retina, carried out with patients between October 2012 and October 2014. The variables collected were the socio-demographic characteristics, which were the various pathologies of the vitreoretinal interface. Results: 303 eyes of 164 patients were analyzed. The population was predominantly female (sex ratio = 0.95) aged 9 to 84 years with an average of 52.93 years. 121 eyes (39.9%) had posterior vitreous detachment with 66.1% in the 50-70 age group. 42 eyes (13.86%) presented vitreomacular traction with 66.6% in the 50-70 age group. 31 eyes (10.23%) presented an epi-retinal membrane with 61.2% in the 50-70 age group. 33 eyes (10.89%) had a full-thickness macular hole with 69.6% in the 50-70 age group. 4 eyes had a lamellar hole and 1 eye had a pseudo hole. Conclusion: OCT is an excellent tool for non-invasive exploration of the vitreoretinal interface. It gives precise information on the various pathologies of this interface. The need to evaluate the functional impact of these abnormalities, calls for other studies, especially prospective studies to assert their reality of those disease.