Optical coherence tomography: fundamentals and clinical utility

Subban, Vijayakumar; Raffel, O.

doi:10.21037/cdt-20-253

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…The second-generation OCT system FD-OCT employs a fixed mirror and a narrow bandwidth light source that sweeps rapidly between different wavelengths (from 1250 to 1350 nm). It generates interference patterns at all these wavelengths and through Fourier transformations processing it provides amplitude profile and time delay of the waves reflected from different depths [ 15 ]. All echo time delays along one A-line (one axial line of a frame) are measured at the same time by the FD detector.…”

Section: Oct Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Coherence Tomography—OCT for Characterization of Non-Atherosclerotic Coronary Lesions in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Spînu

Onea

Homorodean

et al. 2022

JCM

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Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide, with coronary artery disease being the predominant underlying etiology. The most prevalent coronary lesions are represented by the atherosclerotic plaques, in more than 85% of cases, but there are several other non-atherosclerotic lesions such as spontaneous coronary artery dissection and/or hematoma and spontaneous recanalization of coronary thrombus, which are less common, approximately 5% of cases, but with similar clinical manifestations as well as complications. There are insufficient data regarding the pathological mechanism, true prevalence and optimal treatment of these kind of coronary lesions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an intracoronary imaging technique, developed in order to overcome the diagnostic limitations of a standard coronary angiography and has an extremely high resolution, similar to that of a usual histological evaluation of a biopsy sample, thus, OCT provides a histological-like information, but in a in vivo environment. The aim of this article is to review the current knowledge regarding non-atherosclerotic coronary lesions, with an emphasis on the importance of OCT for optimal identification, characterization of pathogenic mechanisms and optimal treatment selection.

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Section: Oct Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current FD-OCT systems allow acquisition of 100,000 axial lines per second generating up to 200 frames per second (each consisting of 500–1000 lines). Therefore, a pullback speed of 40 mm/s is possible with pullback lengths up to 150 mm with a distance between frames of 0.1–0.25 mm [ 15 ].…”

Section: Oct Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Coherence Tomography—OCT for Characterization of Non-Atherosclerotic Coronary Lesions in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Spînu

Onea

Homorodean

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…OCT uses interferometric detection to compare the signals reflected off the tissue with a fixed reference signal. The very high frequency of the light provides a 10–15 µm axial resolution of intravascular pathology, which is significantly higher than that of ultrasound, although reducing tissue penetration to 1–2 mm [ 11 , 12 ]. There are two types of OCT systems: historical time-domain OCT (TD-OCT) and the currently used Fourier-domain OCT systems, also referred to as frequency-domain OCT (FD-OCT) or optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI).…”

Section: Fundamentals: Optical Coherence Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries

Iwańczyk¹,

Woźniak²,

Araszkiewicz³

et al. 2022

pwki

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Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a working diagnosis and requires identification of the underlying causes to optimize treatment, improve prognosis, and prevent the recurrence of myocardial infarction. According to the literature, the prognosis of patients diagnosed with MINOCA is comparable to the group of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and significant stenosis of the coronary arteries. Intracoronary imaging is a crucial diagnostic tool used in identifying epicardial causes of MINOCA that are not visible in coronary angiography. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides the highest spatial resolution, simultaneously allowing detailed visualization of plaque pathology in individuals with MINOCA and identifying the cause of MI in up to 80% of patients. Common causes of a MINOCA may include plaque disruption, spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), coronary artery spasm, and coronary thromboembolism. The optimization of pharmacological treatment in this group of patients, especially dual antiplatelet therapy and statins, improves the prognosis. Data on the indications for invasive treatment of patients with MINOCA based on OCT findings are insufficient. There is a strong need for research comparing treatment strategies, especially in high-risk lesions visualized in OCT. The main aim of this review is to demonstrate the usefulness of OCT in determining the mechanism of MINOCA.

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“…In one study, OCT detected 97% of lesions in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis [62], indicating high sensitivity. OCT can assess the severity of stenosis and guide treatment, has good spatial resolution, and can determine vessel size and plaque morphology [63]. Several case reports have documented the usefulness of OCT for coronary artery evaluation in patients with TA [64,65].…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Of Available Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Imaging Techniques to Diagnose and Monitor Patients with Takayasu Arteritis: A Review of the Literature

Oura

Itabashi

et al. 2021

Diagnostics

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Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a large vessel vasculitis that causes stenosis, occlusion, and sometimes the aneurysm of the aorta and its major branches. TA often occurs in young women, and because the symptoms are not obvious in the early stages of the disease, diagnosis is difficult and often delayed. In approximately 10% to 20% of patients, TA is reportedly complicated by ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. It is important to diagnose TA early and provide appropriate treatment to prevent complications from stroke. Diagnostic imaging techniques to visualize arterial stenosis are widely used in clinical practice. Even if no signs of cerebrovascular events are present at the time of the most recent evaluation of patients with TA, follow-up vascular imaging is important to monitor disease progression and changes in the cerebrovascular risk. However, the optimal imaging technique for monitoring of TA has not been established. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe newly available evidence on the usefulness of conventional imaging modalities (digital subtraction angiography, computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance imaging/angiography, duplex ultrasound, and positron emission tomography) and novel imaging modalities (optical coherence tomography, infrared thermography, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, and superb microvascular imaging) in the diagnosis and monitoring of TA.

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Optical coherence tomography: fundamentals and clinical utility

Cited by 15 publications

References 90 publications

Optical Coherence Tomography—OCT for Characterization of Non-Atherosclerotic Coronary Lesions in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Optical Coherence Tomography—OCT for Characterization of Non-Atherosclerotic Coronary Lesions in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries

Vascular Imaging Techniques to Diagnose and Monitor Patients with Takayasu Arteritis: A Review of the Literature

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