Optical coherence tomography findings in patients with bipolar disorder

Khalil, Mohamed; Saleh, Alia A.; Gohar, Sherif M; Khalil, Dalia H.; Said, Mohamed M.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.055

Cited by 47 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, 5 studies reported a significant negative relationship between RNFL thickness and disease duration, 25,26,30,33,34 while 6 others did not observe a relationship. 23,24,27,29,31,32 Additionally, RNFL thinning was associated with worse clinical symptom severity in one study, 33 no association in 7 studies [24][25][26][27]29,32,34 and when stratified by recent illness episode vs non-recent illness episode or by treatment responsive vs refractory, there were no differences in RNFL thickness for the recent illness vs controls or between treatment response groups. 23,24 In order to explain these findings, Ascaso hypothesized that neuro-inflammation, which can occur during acute episodes, may increase RNFL thickness, thus masking thinning in RNFL that are seen in chronic SZ and BD patients.…”

Section: Rnfl Findingsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Twelve studies were eligible for quantitative analysis, which included 521 patients (SZ = 315 and BD = 206) and 496 HC (table 1). [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Differences in Peripapillary RNFL Thickness Twelve studies were analyzed for overall peripapillary RNFL thickness with a total of 820 eyes from probands (541 SZ and 279 BD) and 904 eyes from HC (575 in SZ and 329 in BD studies). Compared to HC eyes, the overall peripapillary RNFL was thinner in probands Seven studies included the superior and inferior peripapillary RNFL thickness, and the sample consisted of 460 patient eyes (320 SZ and 140 BD) and 514 HC eyes (374 in SZ and 140 in BD studies).…”

Section: Studies Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peripapillary GCL-IPL was reported in 4 studies, with a total of 329 eyes (226 SZ and 103 BD) and 331 eyes from HC (228 in SZ and 103 in BD studies). Celik et al 24 provided separate GCL and IPL volume measurements that we combined to give a "GCL-IPL" value, and Khalil et al 29 provided the GCC measurement that we separated from the RNFL to give a "GCL-IPL" value. figure 3A).…”

Section: Differences In Gcl-ipl Gcc and Gclmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Meta-analysis of Retinal Cytoarchitectural Abnormalities in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Lizano

Bannai

Lutz

et al. 2019

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Background Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are characterized by reductions in gray matter and white matter. Limitations in brain imaging have led researchers to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to explore retinal imaging biomarkers of brain pathology. We examine the retinal layers that may be associated with SZ or BD. Methods Articles identified using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Database. Twelve studies met inclusion for acutely/chronically ill patients. We used fixed or random effects meta-analysis for probands (SZ and BD), SZ or BD eyes vs healthy control (HC) eyes. We adjusted for sources of bias, cross-validated results, and report standardized mean differences (SMD). Statistical analysis performed using meta package in R. Results Data from 820 proband eyes (SZ = 541, BD = 279) and 904 HC eyes were suitable for meta-analysis. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) showed significant thinning in SZ and BD eyes compared to HC eyes (n = 12, SMD = −0.74, −0.51, −1.06, respectively). RNFL thinning was greatest in the nasal, temporal, and superior regions. The combined peripapillary ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) showed significant thinning in SZ and BD eyes compared to HC eyes (n = 4, SMD = −0.39, −0.44, −0.28, respectively). No statistically significant differences were identified in other retinal or choroidal regions. Clinical variables were unrelated to the RNFL or GCL-IPL thickness by meta-regression. Conclusion The observed retinal layer thinning is consistent with the classic gray- and white-matter atrophy observed on neuroimaging in SZ and BD patients. OCT may be a useful biomarker tool in studying the neurobiology of psychosis.

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Section: Rnfl Findingsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Studies Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differences In Gcl-ipl Gcc and Gclmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Meta-analysis of Retinal Cytoarchitectural Abnormalities in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Lizano

Bannai

Lutz

et al. 2019

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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“…83 Conversely, using age and sex-matched controls led to the observation of all but nasal thinning. 85,150 Studies that measured antipsychotic use did not find a correlation between prescribed medications and RNFL thinning, hence patients presented with significant RNFL thinning regardless of antipsychotic use. 84,150 In addition, duration of illness has been shown to negatively correlate with RNFL thickness and GCC volume in euthymic and psychotic patients, suggesting a progressive neurodegenerative process.…”

Section: Rnfl Changes In Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal correlates of psychiatric disorders

Almonte

Capellàn

Yap

et al. 2020

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

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Diagnosis and monitoring of psychiatric disorders rely heavily on subjective selfreports of clinical symptoms, which are complicated by the varying consistency of accounts reported by patients with an impaired mental state. Hence, more objective and quantifiable measures have been sought to provide clinicians with more robust methods to evaluate symptomology and track progression of disease in response to treatments. Owing to the shared origins of the retina and the brain, it has been suggested that changes in the retina may correlate with structural and functional changes in the brain. Vast improvements in retinal imaging, namely optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electrodiagnostic technology, have made it possible to investigate the eye at a microscopic level, allowing for the investigation of potential biomarkers in vivo. This review provides a summary of retinal biomarkers associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression, demonstrating how retinal biomarkers may be used to complement existing methods and provide structural markers of pathophysiological mechanisms that underpin brain dysfunction in psychiatric disorders.

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“…This was for a while mainly seen in the context of neurotransmitter availability in relevant brain structures and, according to this context, actions of antidepressants were interpreted and developed. The suspicion that neurodegeneration may play a crucial role is not entirely new, but has gained increasing attention mainly during the last years [1][2][3][4][5][6] . In the beginning, this seemed more likely in cases in which patients exhibited socially unacceptable behavior or signs of dementia, [7][8][9][10] but was less considered in exclusively depressive disorders, a view that is actually changing 2,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Underrated Circadian System and Its Contribution to Neurodegeneration in Mood Disorders

Hardeland¹

2018

J Mental Health & Clin Psychology

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In the traditional view of mood disorders, the circadian system has been insufficiently considered. However, polymorphisms of circadian oscillator genes in bipolar disorder, seasonal affective disorder, and subforms of major depressive disorder as well as demonstrable deviations in overt circadian rhythms indicate a role of the circadian system in these pathologies. Circadian malfunction affects sleep, and sleep deprivation can initiate proinflammatory responses. Being parts of the circadian system, melatonin and sirtuin 1 deserve particular attention. Either of them displays neuroprotective, antiinflammatory, and circadian amplitude-enhancing properties, which are of relevance to neurodegeneration that is observed in a number of depressive patients. Notably, both circulating melatonin levels as well as sirtuin 1 expression decline by age. In the gerontological context, melatonin upregulates sirtuin 1, which mediates some of melatonin's actions. Correction of a deviating circadian system seems to be of value regarding causes that contribute to depressive symptoms.

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Optical coherence tomography findings in patients with bipolar disorder

Cited by 47 publications

References 29 publications

A Meta-analysis of Retinal Cytoarchitectural Abnormalities in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

A Meta-analysis of Retinal Cytoarchitectural Abnormalities in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Retinal correlates of psychiatric disorders

The Underrated Circadian System and Its Contribution to Neurodegeneration in Mood Disorders

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