Optical coherence tomography angiography of superficial retinal vessel density and foveal avascular zone in myopic children

Gołębiewska, Joanna; Biała-Gosek, Karolina; Czeszyk, Agnieszka; Hautz, Wojciech

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219785

Cited by 61 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Several reports have investigated the FAZ in myopic eyes. 5,[14][15][16]21,22 Sung et al reported lower peripapillary vessel density and larger super cial and deep FAZ areas in highly myopic eyes, as elucidated using OCTA. 5 He et al also demonstrated that reduced radial peripapillary capillary, deep parafoveal vessel density, and enlarged FAZ area occurred in high myopia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acircularity and Circularity Indexes of the Foveal Avascular Zone in High Myopia

Piao

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We explored the association between foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters and high myopia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). To evaluate the specific influence of high myopia on the FAZ, we divided 106 eyes of 106 patients into quartiles based on the axial length. The upper quartile was then defined as the high myopia group (n = 27), while the lower quartile was the non-high myopia group (n = 26). The FAZ parameters of these two groups were then retrospectively compared to investigate variations in FAZ size and morphology. The mean axial length and spherical equivalent were 23.96 ± 0.94 mm and -2.27 ± 1.58 diopters in the non-high myopia group and 27.42 ± 0.36 mm and -8.12 ± 2.14 diopters in the high myopia group, respectively. The areas of superficial and deep FAZ, perimeters of deep FAZ, major axis lengths of deep FAZ, minor axis lengths of superficial and deep FAZ were significantly larger in eyes with high myopia than in eyes with non-high myopia (P < 0.05). Linear regression analyses showed that no significant correlation was observed between FAZ areas and acircularity and circularity index of FAZ in non-high myopia group, conversely, FAZ areas strongly correlated with acircularity and circularity index of FAZ in high myopia group. We found that An increase in the FAZ area in highly myopic eyes was accompanied by a significant variation in FAZ acircularity and circularity indexes. Further research should address whether these findings are associated with future disease development in highly myopic eyes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acircularity and Circularity Indexes of the Foveal Avascular Zone in High Myopia

Piao

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Gołębiewska et al [30] studied the foveal microvasculature and found that the FAZ area was larger in myopic eyes than in the control group. However, studies by Leng et al [31] and Ucaket al [32] showed no difference in FAZ area in both high and low myopic eyes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does a Relationship Exist Between Posterior Vitreous Detachment, Macular Thickness and Foveal Avascular Zone Dimensions in Myopic Eyes?

Balaji

Agarwal

Raman

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a separation of the posterior vitreous cortex from the internal limiting membrane of the retina. The PVD induces several potentially serious pathologic events at the vitreoretinal interface. The aim of the study is to determine if relationships exist between PVD, macular thickness (MT) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in myopic eyes. Methods: This is a retrospective case study of 63 myopic subjects who underwent comprehensive eye examination including the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) between January 1 and Jun 30, 2019. The spherical equivalent (SE) was calculated using the manifest refraction. The myopia grouping was based on a severity scale, namely mild, moderate, high and very high using standard refractive error classifications. The PVD classification was based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The status of the PVD and MT were evaluated with Macular Cube 200 × 200 images and the FAZ was imaged with an OCTA, Angioplex. The MT and FAZ dimensions were calculated using a custom algorithm. Results: A total of 114 myopic eyes subjects had median (range) age of 26.00 (22.00 - 28.00) years. Of this cohort, females comprised 62.3 % of the dataset, and the right eyes were 50.00 %. In this population, 10 eyes had no PVD in any quadrant, and 73 eyes had incomplete PVD in all four quadrants. The inferior quadrant had the maximum number of PVD cases and the nasal quadrant had the least number of cases. High myopic eyes exhibited significantly increased low foveal volume (p = 0.000). The inferior part of para- and perimacular area showed a significant thinning in very high myopic eyes (p = <0.05). A statistically significant alteration of FAZ circularity index found in very high myopic eyes (p = 0.002). Conclusion: In high and very high myopic eyes, an increasing trend of partial PVD is seen. The most commonly involved location was the inferior quadrant. A significant alteration in foveal volume and circularity index of the FAZ is seen in high and very high myopic eyes.

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“…21,22 In another publication, they found an increase in the FAZ field in myopic children compared to the control group. 23 In studies conducted with changes in FAZ perimetry, AI, and FD, it has been shown that there may be differences in the early stages of the disease even in the preclinical stages. 24 In their study in diabetic children, it is shown that FAZ perimeter, AI, and FD change without retinopathy findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,22 In another publication, they found an increase in the FAZ field in myopic children compared to the control group. 23…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in young β-thalassemia patients

Kazancı

Korkmaz

Can

2020

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate retinal vascular parameters by optical coherence tomography angiography in β-thalassemia major patients. Methods: Thirty-three patients with β-thalassemia major (study group) and 29 healthy children (control group) were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent a complete ocular examination. The mean foveal avascular zone, non-flow area, foveal avascular zone perimeter, acircularity index of foveal avascular zone, foveal density, the superficial capillary plexus, and deep capillary plexus were scanned using 6 × 6 mm optical coherence tomography angiography scans centered on the macula. Superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were also scanned centered on the optic disk. We collected data on histories of patients, and hemoglobin and ferritin were also studied from both groups. Results: The mean age was 13.85 ± 4.69 years (range: 4–21 years) in β-thalassemia major group and 12.59 ± 3.66 years (range: 6–18 years) in the control group. The mean foveal avascular zone value was 0.265 ± 0.11 mm2 in the study group and 0.296 ± 0.12 mm2 in the control group. The mean non-flow area value was 0.468 ± 0.12 mm2 in the study group and 0.479 ± 0.14 mm2 in the control group ( p > 0.05). Differences in the mean values for foveal density and acircularity index were statistically significant between the study group and control group ( p < 0.05, p = 0.026, and p = 0.026, respectively). Superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were not a significant difference between the study and control groups in 6 × 6 mm scans on macula and 4.5 × 4.5 mm scans on optic disk area ( p > 0.05). Acircularity index was negatively correlated ( r = −0.292, p = 0.026), and foveal density was positively correlated with hemoglobin ( r = 0.292, p = 0.026). Conclusion: By using optical coherence tomography angiography, we detected foveal microvascular changes in young β-thalassemia patients before significant ocular anomalies development.

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Optical coherence tomography angiography of superficial retinal vessel density and foveal avascular zone in myopic children

Cited by 61 publications

References 24 publications

Acircularity and Circularity Indexes of the Foveal Avascular Zone in High Myopia

Acircularity and Circularity Indexes of the Foveal Avascular Zone in High Myopia

Does a Relationship Exist Between Posterior Vitreous Detachment, Macular Thickness and Foveal Avascular Zone Dimensions in Myopic Eyes?

Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in young β-thalassemia patients

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