Optical coherence tomography angiography features of retinitis post-rickettsial fever

Shanmugam, Mahesh P; Konana, Vinaya Kumar; Ramanjulu, Rajesh; Mishra, Kapil; Sagar, Pradeep

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_799_18

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Our series did not show any individual MAs on OCTA. The CC slabs showed signal void areas which can be attributed to shadowing caused by the overlying retinitis patch similar that reported by Shanmugam et al 22 The regular vascular pattern or the “angio-architecture” in SCP and DCP was lost in active retinitis, the intraretinal edema and exudation causing an impression of vessel drop out. The flow void areas in the choriocapillaris layer are due to the shadow effect of the superficial edema on to the choroid resulting in loss of the regular coarse architecture.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of retinal vasculature in patients with post fever retinitis: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

Sanjay

Gadde

Agrawal

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Post fever retinitis is a heterogenous entity that is seen 2–4 weeks after a systemic febrile illness in an immunocompetent individual. It may occur following bacterial, viruses, or protozoal infection. Optical coherence angiography (OCTA) is a newer non-invasive modality that is an alternative to fundus fluorescein angiography to image the retinal microvasculature. We hereby describe the vascular changes during the acute phase of post fever retinitis on OCTA. Imaging on OCTA was done for all patients with post fever retinitis at presentation with 3 × 3 mm and 8 × 8 mm scans centred on the macula and corresponding enface optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans obtained. A qualitative and quantitative analysis was done for all images. 46 eyes of 33 patients were included in the study. Salient features noted were changes in the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) with capillary rarefaction and irregularity of larger vessels in the SCP. The DCP had more capillary rarefaction when compared to the SCP. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was altered with an irregular perifoveal network. Our series of post fever retinitis describes the salient vascular features on OCTA. Although the presumed aetiology was different in all our patients, they developed similar changes on OCTA. While OCTA is not useful if there is gross macular oedema, the altered FAZ can be indicative of macular ischemia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of retinal vasculature in patients with post fever retinitis: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

Sanjay

Gadde

Agrawal

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Shanmugam et al . [ 9 ] and Kalhoun et al .,[ 4 ] also showed that it is difficult to discern the perfusion status in the initial OCTA scans due to acute inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-years follow-up swept source optical coherence tomography angiography findings in post-fever retinitis

Sundar

Dewan

Chawla

et al. 2020

Indian J Ophthalmol

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Post fever retinitis (PFR), characterized by multiple cotton wool spot like lesions in the posterior pole, is commonly reported following viral and bacterial infections. Retinal perfusion defects have been documented with the help of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in cases of PFR. But long term changes in such cases have not been reported earlier. In the following report, we have described the swept-source OCTA findings of two PFR patients at initial presentation and three years follow-up. Initial OCTA scans may not provide accurate information regarding the perfusion status due to associated retinal edema and inflammation. However, persisting perfusion defects at the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexus were noted on long term follow-up in both the cases.

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“…A case of posterior focal retinitis in a cohort was found to be positive with non-ST RDs using WFT [ 72 ]. Few case reports of retinitis using WFT were documented [ 73 , 74 ]. A case of bilateral anterior uveitis with retinitis was documented with positive WFT for both OX-2 and OX-19 [ 75 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Rickettsial Diseases Other Than Scrub Typhus in India

et al. 2023

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Rickettsial diseases (RD) are widely reported all over the world. Scrub typhus (ST) is a major tropical infection which is well documented all over India. Therefore, the index of suspicion of scrub typhus is high among physicians with regard to patients presenting with acute febrile illness (AFI) and acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) in India. Rickettsial diseases other than ST (non-ST RDs), which include spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsioses and typhus group (TG) rickettsioses are not uncommon in India, but the index of suspicion is not as high as ST unless there is a history of the presence of fever with rashes and/or recent arthropod bites. This review aims to look into the Indian scenario on the epidemiology of non-ST RDs, especially the SFG and TG rickettsioses based on various investigations, spectrum of clinical presentation, challenges and gaps in knowledge to suspect and diagnose these infections.

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Optical coherence tomography angiography features of retinitis post-rickettsial fever

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of retinal vasculature in patients with post fever retinitis: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of retinal vasculature in patients with post fever retinitis: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

Three-years follow-up swept source optical coherence tomography angiography findings in post-fever retinitis

A Review of Rickettsial Diseases Other Than Scrub Typhus in India

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