Optical CO<sub>2</sub> Gas Sensing Based on TiO<sub>2</sub> Thin Films of Diverse Thickness Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles

Raza, Muhammad Akram; Habib, Anam; Kanwal, Zakia; Hussain, Syed Sajjad; Iqbal, Muhammad Javaid; Saleem, Murtaza; Riaz, Saira; Naseem, Shahzad

doi:10.1155/2018/2780203

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The crystal size calculated using the broadening of the maximum intense peak at 35.4° (311) was 48 nm. Finally, in the XRD of Co‐C particles, it can be seen that the pattern of a simple cubic crystalline structure represented by the diffraction peaks at 2 θ : 20.1, 31.0, 36.7, 44.4, 47.4, 59.2, and 65.2° corresponding to (111), (220), (311), (222), (422), (511), and (440) planes, respectively . The peak at 36.7 (311) was used to calculate the crystal size, and it was 11 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Ni, Co, and Fe Carbon‐Based Magnetic Fillers

Nisar

Thue

Heck

et al. 2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In the present study, the effect of Ni, Co, and Fe carbonbased magnetic fillers (Ni-C, Co-C, and Fe-C) was investigated on the magnetic, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of polyethylene nanocomposites. The in situ polymerization technique was used to prepare nanocomposites of polyethylene from the ethylene monomer introducing small amounts of filler ranging from 1 to 2 wt.%. The metal-carbonized fillers were obtained by pyrolysis of wood sawdust activated by Ni, Co, or Fe salts. X-ray diffraction showed that the fillers were of nanometric size. Thermogravimetric analysis was executed to investigate the thermal strength of the materials as well as to calculate the metal content in the carbon-based fillers. The onset degradation temperature showed an enhancement of 17 C, whereas the maximum degradation temperatures increased 4 C with the introduction of the filler. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated an improvement of 3 C in crystallization temperature, whereas the melting temperature remained unchanged compared to neat polyethylene. The filler was shown to increase the modulus of elasticity of the nanocomposites. The addition of 1.0 wt.% of the metal-carbonized material in the diamagnetic polymer matrix resulted in a thermoplastic nanocomposite with ferromagnetic behavior. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60:988-995, 2020. 989 e C.A. = catalytic activity [kgPE [Zr] −1 h −1 bar −1 ]. f X c = degree of crystallinity calculated from the DSC curve.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Ni, Co, and Fe Carbon‐Based Magnetic Fillers

Nisar

Thue

Heck

et al. 2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…The preparation method of nanocomposite plasmonic thin films highlighted in this paper consists of reactive magnetron sputtering deposition, followed by thermal annealing, while glancing angle deposition (GLAD) and low-pressure plasma treatment are presented as important techniques to tailor the film nanostructures and hence to improve their optical sensing responses. Of course, it does not mean that chemically synthesized nanoparticles are not promising for sensing applications [82,103].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, in its amorphous form, TiO2 has high blood compatibility and thus it is often used in several types of biomedical applications [102]. In addition, TiO2 is widely used as a (chemical) gas sensor (Figure 9a) [103][104][105][106][107][108][109] and this is also a major reason why it is being explored for plasmonic sensing. Pure CuO is a p-type semiconductor material with a band gap in the range 1.2-2.1 eV and a monoclinic crystal structure [87,111,112].…”

Section: Metal Oxides As Robust Platforms To Host Plasmonic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Sensors Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances: Synthesis of Oxide Films with Embedded Metal Nanoparticles, Theory and Simulation, and Sensitivity Enhancement Strategies

et al. 2021

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This work presents a comprehensive review on gas sensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, including the theory of LSPR, the synthesis of nanoparticle-embedded oxide thin films, and strategies to enhance the sensitivity of these optical sensors, supported by simulations of the electromagnetic properties. The LSPR phenomenon is known to be responsible for the unique colour effects observed in the ancient Roman Lycurgus Cup and at the windows of the medieval cathedrals. In both cases, the optical effects result from the interaction of the visible light (scattering and absorption) with the conduction band electrons of noble metal nanoparticles (gold, silver, and gold–silver alloys). These nanoparticles are dispersed in a dielectric matrix with a relatively high refractive index in order to push the resonance to the visible spectral range. At the same time, they have to be located at the surface to make LSPR sensitive to changes in the local dielectric environment, the property that is very attractive for sensing applications. Hence, an overview of gas sensors is presented, including electronic-nose systems, followed by a description of the surface plasmons that arise in noble metal thin films and nanoparticles. Afterwards, metal oxides are explored as robust and sensitive materials to host nanoparticles, followed by preparation methods of nanocomposite plasmonic thin films with sustainable techniques. Finally, several optical properties simulation methods are described, and the optical LSPR sensitivity of gold nanoparticles with different shapes, sensing volumes, and surroundings is calculated using the discrete dipole approximation method.

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“…e formation of As-nuclei started owing to the accumulation of free As-atoms (As 0 ) under action of van der Waals interactions and Brownian movement. In the synthesis of NPs during reduction method, both nucleation and growth process may happen side by side [31,32]. Heating the solution may further accelerate the reaction process.…”

Section: Synthesis Mechanism Of Asnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Evaluation of Arsenic Nanoparticles on Growth, Biochemical, Hematological, and Physiological Parameters of Labeo rohita Juveniles

Raza

Kanwal

Shahid

et al. 2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The present study aims to assess the induced nanotoxicity of arsenic nanoparticles (AsNPs) on different organs of fresh water fish Labeo rohita. AsNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction method using sodium arsenite as precursor, ice-cold sodium borohydride as reducing agent, and sodium hydroxide to adjust the solution pH. The synthesized AsNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for optical, structural, and morphological investigations. The UV-Vis absorption peaks occurring at around 300 nm indicated the presence of AsNPs in colloidal sample. The rhombohedral crystalline nature and metallic purity of AsNPs with crystallite size of 30 ± 1 nm were confirmed by characteristic peaks of XRD pattern. The SEM micrograph revealed the almost spherical shape and 40 ± 10 nm average size prepared AsNPs. For assessment of induced nanotoxicity, juveniles of Labeo rohita (L. rohita) were exposed to three different concentrations of AsNPs (namely, 1, 10, and 20 mg/L) for 30 days (n = 15 per group), and the control fish was kept untreated. It was observed that the routine behavior activities (such as swimming, mutual interactions, and feed intake) were affected by AsNPs. The growth of AsNPs treated fish was found retarded as compared to the control fish. Total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, and hemoglobin and hematocrit values were low in the AsNPs treated fish. Immunobiochemical assays revealed that protein level was altered in the AsNPs treated fish. The levels of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase were low in the treated fish. The histological alteration induced by AsNPs in liver, gills, and kidneys demonstrated the damage in form of glomerulus shrinkage, vacuolation, inflammation, necrosis, lamellar disorganization, and hemorrhage in comparison with untreated fish. The results of the present study indicate that AsNPs exposure causes behavior, growth, hematology, immunobiochemical, and histological shortcomings in L. rohita.

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Optical CO₂ Gas Sensing Based on TiO₂ Thin Films of Diverse Thickness Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Ni, Co, and Fe Carbon‐Based Magnetic Fillers

Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Ni, Co, and Fe Carbon‐Based Magnetic Fillers

Gas Sensors Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances: Synthesis of Oxide Films with Embedded Metal Nanoparticles, Theory and Simulation, and Sensitivity Enhancement Strategies

Toxicity Evaluation of Arsenic Nanoparticles on Growth, Biochemical, Hematological, and Physiological Parameters of Labeo rohita Juveniles

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Optical CO2 Gas Sensing Based on TiO2 Thin Films of Diverse Thickness Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Ni, Co, and Fe Carbon‐Based Magnetic Fillers

Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Ni, Co, and Fe Carbon‐Based Magnetic Fillers

Gas Sensors Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances: Synthesis of Oxide Films with Embedded Metal Nanoparticles, Theory and Simulation, and Sensitivity Enhancement Strategies

Toxicity Evaluation of Arsenic Nanoparticles on Growth, Biochemical, Hematological, and Physiological Parameters of Labeo rohita Juveniles

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Optical CO₂ Gas Sensing Based on TiO₂ Thin Films of Diverse Thickness Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles