Optical characteristics of multitransverse-mode two-dimensional vertical-cavity top surface-emitting laser arrays

Coherent Coupling of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Arrays

“…In the following years, reflectivity-modulated VCSEL arrays were fabricated using either patterned metal on the (unetched) DBR mirror surface (Catchmark et al, 1996;Monti di Sopra et al, 2000;Morgan et al, 1992Orenstein et al, 1991Orenstein et al, , 1992 or etched features in the DBR mirror (Gourley et al, 1991;Warren et al, 1992). In the work of Orenstein et al (1991Orenstein et al ( , 1992, a substrate-emitting configuration was utilized.…”

“…In the work of Orenstein et al (1991Orenstein et al ( , 1992, a substrate-emitting configuration was utilized. Morgan et al, 1992, Catchmark et al (1996), and Monti di Sopra et al (2000) were similarly able to attain coherent coupling by liftoff patterning a metal grid on the DBR for a top-emitting design as sketched in Fig. A layer of a lower reflectivity metal alloy was deposited to influence the reflectivity modulation depth and create an electrical contact.…”

“…In this collection of work, the largest array size reported was 20Â20 (although 27Â27 arrays were tested) (Orenstein et al, 1992), and the highest output power was 1.4W operating pulsed in multiple locked array modes (Catchmark et al, 1996) and approximately 500mW under pulsed injection for a single coherent array mode . In many of these publications, near-diffraction-limited beam widths were reported, suggesting good coherence across the extent of the arrays.…”

Spatial hole-burning effects in the amplified-spontaneous-emission spectrum of the nonlasing supermode in semiconductor laser arrays

“…Generally a semiconductor laser array can exhibit a large range of dynamical effects involving far more than just two light field modes and two spatially separated carrier systems. However, the region of stable anti-phase locked operation relevant for at least some of the experimental realizations [7][8][9][10] can be described realistically by a split density model limited to only two light field modes and two carrier densities. The consistency of such a description with a more detailed model based on partial differential equations has been established in [12].…”

“…If the α factor was zero, these sidebands would be fully symmetric. The main effect of α is to correlate the fluctuations in f with the fluctuations in f ⊥ as expressed in equation (10). If the relaxation starts at f = f 0 and f ⊥ = 0, the total relaxation dynamics are given by Figure 1 shows this relaxation trajectory for a typical choice of laser parameters.…”