Optical-Cavity-Induced Current

Moddel, Garret; Weerakkody, Ayendra; Doroski, David; Bartusiak, Dylan

doi:10.3390/sym13030517

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It appears that our lab has, in fact, discovered and demonstrated a way to tap ZPE (Moddel et al 2021a;Moddel, 2021c). In this article, I review how we have done this and describe the underlying issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Zero-Point Energy: Capturing Evanescence

Moddel¹

2022

JSE

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In results from thousands of trials and dozens of variations, tests for measurement artifacts, and replications, metal/insulator/metal/Casimir cavity devices produce electric power, apparently by tapping ambient zero-point energy (ZPE). A simple calculation shows that the power potentially available from the ZPE quantum vacuum is an immense 5 gigawatts per square meter. The devices tap a tiny fraction of that, but still deliver a practical power density of 70 watts per square meter. The devices are designed to circumvent the apparent impediments to ZPE harvesting, i.e., that ZPE is the universal ground state, and that ZPE fluctuations are extremely short lived and virtual. If the source ultimately proves to be ZPE, what is the operating principle behind the energy harvesting, and how can the results be reconciled with known physical law? A notional operating principle can be understood as a direct analog to the optical phenomenon of frustrated total internal reflection. Tapping ZPE does not violate the second law of thermodynamics based on the conventional quantum interpretation of ZPE, but ambiguities regarding the source of ZPE leave the issue unresolved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Zero-Point Energy: Capturing Evanescence

Moddel¹

2022

JSE

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“…[ 25,26 ] To this end, the conceived nanorectenna consists of a fully integrated antenna‐rectifier system. Following an asymmetric architecture, both from a geometrical [ 27–29 ] and material [ 30 ] point of view (see Figure 1 a and b, respectively), the nanorectenna is defined by a point‐contact Metal1‐Insulator‐Metal2 tunneling diode [ 31 ] (hereafter pc‐M1IM2) where the pc‐M1 component also plays the role of receiving plasmonic nano‐antenna. In particular, we considered an Au‐coated nanocone (pc‐M1) and a flat 50 nm thick Ti substrate (M2) as the nanorectenna electrodes due to the significant difference in their work functions ϕ, [ 32 ] with ϕ M1 = 5.10 eV and ϕ M2 = 4.33 eV, respectively (see Figure 1b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Frequency Light Rectification by Nanoscale Plasmonic Conical Antenna in Point‐Contact‐Insulator‐Metal Architecture

Mupparapu

Cunha

Tantussi

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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Numerous efforts have been undertaken to develop rectifying antennas operating at high frequencies, especially dedicated to light harvesting and photodetection applications. However, the development of efficient high frequency rectifying antennas has been a major technological challenge both due to a lack of comprehension of the underlying physics and limitations in the fabrication techniques. Various rectification strategies have been implemented, including metal-insulator-metal traveling-wave diodes, plasmonic nanogap optical antennas, and whisker diodes, although all show limited high-frequency operation and modest conversion efficiencies. Here a new type of rectifying antenna based on plasmonic carrier generation is demonstrated. The proposed structure consists of a resonant metallic conical nano-antenna tip in contact with the oxide surface of an oxide/metal bilayer. The conical shape allows for an improved current generation based on plasmon-mediated electromagnetic-to-electron conversion, an effect exploiting the nanoscale-tip contact of the rectifying antenna, and proportional to the antenna resonance and to the surface-electron scattering. Importantly, this solution provides rectification operation at 280 THz (1064 nm) with a 100-fold increase in efficiency compared to previously reported results. Finally, the conical rectifying antenna is also demonstrated to operate at 384 THz (780 nm), hence paving a way toward efficient rectennas toward the visible range.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under

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“…the evanescent fields in structure) along with predictions for the perturbed vacuum state within the cavity gaps. An additional benefit of the worldline numerics method 3 for studying the Casimir effect is that it can be used to address any type of geometry with effectively no restrictions on curvature or lack of smoothness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recently published paper[3] details an experimental campaign using an asymmetric Casimir cavity arrangement where one cavity has a small separation and the other cavity has a much larger effective separation. This experimental campaign observed a current flow from the larger cavity electrode to the smaller cavity electrode.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldline numerics applied to custom Casimir geometry generates unanticipated intersection with Alcubierre warp metric

White¹,

Vera²,

Han

et al. 2021

Eur. Phys. J. C

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While conducting analysis related to a DARPA-funded project to evaluate possible structure of the energy density present in a Casimir cavity as predicted by the dynamic vacuum model, a micro/nano-scale structure has been discovered that predicts negative energy density distribution that closely matches requirements for the Alcubierre metric. The simplest notional geometry being analyzed as part of the DARPA-funded work consists of a standard parallel plate Casimir cavity equipped with pillars arrayed along the cavity mid-plane with the purpose of detecting a transient electric field arising from vacuum polarization conjectured to occur along the midplane of the cavity. An analytic technique called worldline numerics was adapted to numerically assess vacuum response to the custom Casimir cavity, and these numerical analysis results were observed to be qualitatively quite similar to a two-dimensional representation of energy density requirements for the Alcubierre warp metric. Subsequently, a toy model consisting of a 1 $$\upmu $$ μ m diameter sphere centrally located in a 4 $$\upmu $$ μ m diameter cylinder was analyzed to show a three-dimensional Casimir energy density that correlates well with the Alcubierre warp metric requirements. This qualitative correlation would suggest that chip-scale experiments might be explored to attempt to measure tiny signatures illustrative of the presence of the conjectured phenomenon: a real, albeit humble, warp bubble.

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Optical-Cavity-Induced Current

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Zero-Point Energy: Capturing Evanescence

Zero-Point Energy: Capturing Evanescence

High‐Frequency Light Rectification by Nanoscale Plasmonic Conical Antenna in Point‐Contact‐Insulator‐Metal Architecture

Worldline numerics applied to custom Casimir geometry generates unanticipated intersection with Alcubierre warp metric

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