Optical carrier supply module using flattened optical multicarrier generation based on sinusoidal amplitude and phase hybrid modulation

Fujiwara, M.; Teshima, M.; Kani, Jun‐ichi; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Takachio, N.; Iwatsuki, K.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2003.819147

Cited by 135 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The proper alignment of temporal phases in time between the modulators is critical for spectral flatness and can be achieved with phase shifters shown in the schematic. If the electric field of the input light is expressed as E in (t) = exp(iw c t), the electrical field of the output is E out (t) expressed as [13]: …”

Section: A Electro-optic Optical Frequency Comb Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 64 seed lasers were used to generate 512 carriers using two OCSMs. The work was followed by building a prototype providing, the evidence of how combs could be used in real nodes as a carrier source [13], [90]. Mao et al further investigated the crosstalk and the practical system design, using comb based carrier sources [91].…”

Section: A Electro-optic Optical Frequency Comb Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different to previous surveys, in this paper we focus on recent advances in OFCs for employment in flex-grid/elastic optical networks. While OFCs have been envisioned for WDM/TDM fixed-grid optical communications for many years as an alternative to tens of individual lasers or arrays of lasers, they have not yet been commercially deployed [13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Survey of Optical Carrier Generation Techniques for Terabit Capacity Elastic Optical Networks

Imran

Anandarajah

Kaszubowska-Anandarajah

et al. 2018

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

104

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Abstract-Elastic optical networks (EON) have been proposed to meet the network capacity and dynamicity challenges. Hardware and software resource optimization and re-configurability are key enablers for EONs. Recently, innovative multi-carrier transmission techniques have been extensively investigated to realize high capacity (Tb/s) flexible transceivers. In addition to standard telecommunication lasers, optical carrier generators based on optical frequency combs (OFC) have also been considered with expectations of reduced cost and inventory, improved spectral efficiency and flexibility. A wide range of OFC generation techniques have been proposed in the literature over the past few years. It is imperative to summarize the state of the art, compare and assess these diverse techniques from a practical perspective. In this survey, we identify salient features of optical multicarrier generators, review and compare these techniques both from a physical and network layer perspective. OFC demultiplexing/filtering techniques have also been reviewed. In addition to transmission performance, the impact of such sources on the network performance and real-world deployment strategies with reference to cost, power consumption, and level of flexibility have also been discussed. Field trials, integrated solutions, flexibility demonstrations are also reported. Finally, open issues and possible future directions that can lead to real network deployment are highlighted.

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Section: A Electro-optic Optical Frequency Comb Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Electro-optic Optical Frequency Comb Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Survey of Optical Carrier Generation Techniques for Terabit Capacity Elastic Optical Networks

Imran

Anandarajah

Kaszubowska-Anandarajah

et al. 2018

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Previously reported comb generation techniques include (1) the use of amplitude or frequency modulated (FM) mode-locked lasers (such as ERGO (Er:Yb:glass laser oscillator) lasers [1], fibre ring lasers [6], or mode-locked semiconductor lasers [7]), which give good optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) values, but require precise control of the laser cavity length; (2) a wideband LiNbO3 phase modulator in self-oscillating mode [8] when driven with a feedback signal from its output, which makes oscillation easier to start and maintain than mode-locked lasers, but requires large RF power amplifiers with precise control of the output voltage, in addition to extra filters and photodiodes; (3) an amplitude modulator with a section of highly non-linear fibre [9], which also results in a good OSNR, but needs high optical launch powers, long fibre lengths and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) suppression; and (4) concatenated Mach-Zehnder (MZ) and phase modulators [10], a method which gives good uniformity across the channels, but requires the use of large drive voltage amplifiers and precise control of the applied voltage. Techniques (1) and (2) generally require an appropriately shaped optical filter to produce reasonable flatness, whilst (3) produces a large number of unwanted comb lines; in each of these cases the power efficiency of the comb is reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-wavelength source using low drive-voltage amplitude modulators for optical communications

Healy¹,

Gunning²,

Ellis³

et al. 2007

Opt. Express

107

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A simple and cost-effective technique for generating a flat, square-shaped multi-wavelength optical comb with 42.6 GHz line spacing and over 0.5 THz of total bandwidth is presented. A detailed theoretical analysis is presented, showing that using two concatenated modulators driven with voltages of 3.5 V π are necessary to generate 11 comb lines with a flatness below 2dB. This performance is experimentally demonstrated using two cascaded Versawave 40 Gbit/s low drive voltage electro-optic polarisation modulators, where an 11 channel optical comb with a flatness of 1.9 dB and a side-mode-suppression ratio (SMSR) of 12.6 dB was obtained.

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“…We mention, e.g., the optimization of dual-drive MachZehnder modulators [4,5]; concatenation of two electrooptic modulators [6,7]; or mixing of two sinusoidal RF signals in a single electro-optic phase modulator (EOPM) [8]. In these schemes, the spectral flatness is achieved by an accurate optimization of the physical parameters of the modulators, i.e., modulation indexes, bias voltages, and phase shifters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lossless equalization of frequency combs

2008

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Frequency combs obtained by sinusoidal phase modulation of narrow-band continuous-wave lasers are widely used in the field of optical communications. However, the resulting spectral envelope of the comb is not flat. In this Letter, we propose a general and efficient approach to achieve flat frequency combs with tunable bandwidth. The idea is based on a two-step process. First, efficient generation of a train with temporal flat-top-pulse profile is required. Second, we use large parabolic phase modulation in every train period in order to map the temporal intensity shape into the spectral domain. In this way, the resulting spectral envelope is flat and the size is tunable with the chirping rate. Two different schemes are proposed and verified through numerical simulations.

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Optical carrier supply module using flattened optical multicarrier generation based on sinusoidal amplitude and phase hybrid modulation

Cited by 135 publications

References 11 publications

A Survey of Optical Carrier Generation Techniques for Terabit Capacity Elastic Optical Networks

A Survey of Optical Carrier Generation Techniques for Terabit Capacity Elastic Optical Networks

Multi-wavelength source using low drive-voltage amplitude modulators for optical communications

Lossless equalization of frequency combs

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