Optical Biosensing of Polarized Light

Abstract

Interactions between liquid crystal molecules and target analytes open up various biosensing applications for quick screening and point-of-care applications. In this review, we categorized biosensors by type, depending on the liquid crystal mesophase, and considered several applications for the detection of biomolecules, point-of-care diagnostics and environmental monitoring. We also discuss interactions between polarized light and target pathogens dispersed in biological fluids, which result in the change of the polarization state. An array of the Stokes parameters can be compared with the pattern, and a proper pathogen can be manifested. We suggest that a combination of a micropolarizer array and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensor is an optimal setup for the detection of pathogens. Herein, we discuss the working principles of liquid crystal biosensors and their fabrication principles. In addition, relevant theoretical and practical issues related to liquid crystal biosensors are outlined. In general, this review gives an in-depth survey of the research on liquid crystal-based sensors, making it easier for researchers to locate their niche and make contributions to this subject from multiple viewpoints.

Phage Biosensor for the Classification of Metastatic Urological Cancers from Urine

“…In addition to phage benefits, LC sensors are also versatile and responsive to a wide range of stimuli. Both sensors are cost-effective and suitable for various applications [18].…”

“…By combining these two sub-cohorts in this study, we obtained a strong indication that the sample storage in the freezer (years) or sampling in different locations did not affect the assay results. We checked these sample pH and storage effects on our system because the stability and environmental susceptibility are important factors to revise when developing new biosensors [18]. They must meet the requirements for clinical applications to have further clinical and commercial value.…”

“…Cancer-related biomarkers are usually proteins, and therefore, immunoassays have been the method of choice for detecting them. In recent years, biosensors with various biorecognition elements have garnered attention [16][17][18]. When new biosensor technologies are developed, their performance must be compared to clinical diagnosis made with the current gold standards and clinical guidelines.…”

“…Our main finding was that the liquid crystalline (LC) behavior of phages produced the detection event. Biosensors based on this kind of molecular ordering have been reviewed recently [18]. However, biosensors enabling the LC behavior of bifunctional phages have not been reported before.…”

44‐2: Invited Paper: Liquid Crystal Photoalignment by Azodye Nanolayers: New Liquid Crystal Photonics Devices

“…(vi) Manufacturing of new optical elements for LC technology, such as patterned polarizers and phase retarders, e.g. liquid crystal polarimetry [3], tunable optical filters, polarization non-sensitive optical lenses, with voltage controllable focal distance etc.…”