Optical antenna: Towards a unity efficiency near-field optical probe

Grober, Robert D.; Schoelkopf, Robert; Prober, D. E.

doi:10.1063/1.118577

Cited by 313 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The potential of antennas as far field to near-field transducers for nearfield microscopy has recently been pointed out in scale model studies by Grober et al [33], [34]. Unlike in conventional antenna applications, where they serve together with a feed line as either source or detector for radiation, they are used here without feeds.…”

Section: Bowtie Antennas For Near-field Ir and Fir Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-field antennas integrated with scanning probes for THz to visible microscopy: scale modeling and limitations on performance

Rosner

Peck

Weide

2002

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Abstract-A promising approach to localized spectroscopy at far-infrared ( 5 m) and terahertz frequencies (100-3000 GHz) is with scanning probe microscopes by transducing far-field radiation to the near field with a field confinement structure-a near-field antenna. Here we discuss the background of this idea and show encouraging results from a scale-model experiment using 3-GHz microwave radiation. We also present experiments to scale antennas to visible wavelengths and we discuss limits to scale modeling.Index Terms-Atomic force microscopy, coaxial aperture antennas, infrared spectroscopy, millimeter-wave antennas.

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Section: Bowtie Antennas For Near-field Ir and Fir Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-field antennas integrated with scanning probes for THz to visible microscopy: scale modeling and limitations on performance

Rosner

Peck

Weide

2002

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…The "distributed parameter power rectifier" proposed by Ishii (1991) is for converting 1-30THz waves from a Tokamak fusion reactor to DC. Grober (1997) demonstrated an optical probe with transmission efficiency approaching unity using near-field optics. Application to the far field case or for visible wavelengths is unknown.…”

Section: Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Millimeter Wave Issues for a Space Power Grid

Komerath

Venkat²,

Fernandez³

2009

AIP Conference Proceedings

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This paper reports continuing work on an evolutionary revenue-generating approach to Space Solar Power. The 220 GHz atmospheric transmission window is chosen, leaving open the option of using millimeter wave or laser wavelengths. The progression from frequency to system business case is laid out, seeking the performance figures needed for a self-sustaining system and to open up Space Solar Power in 15 to 17 years from first launch. An overall transmission efficiency in excess of 30 percent is required, from DC to beamed power and back to DC or high-voltage AC, to meet a delivered free-market price target of 30 cents per KWH, or 20 percent if a price of 45 cents per KWH. Climate data show that rain obscuration is a non-issue for many of the renewable-power sites that comprise the market. The technology of direct solar conversion to DC and to beamed power would satisfy the needed efficiencies but requires advances in nano-scale fabrication with dielectrics.

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“…Structures such as lamellar gratings, split-ring resonators, plasmonic coaxial guides and bowties among others have been investigated in great detail both theoretically [27,[34][35][36][37] and experimentally [38][39][40][41][42][43]. For a specific example, consider the setup, where the properties of a thin metal film are investigated by observing the reflectivity at a fixed wavelength from a sample as a function of the angle of incidence.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmon Enhanced Photoemission

Polyakov

2012

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Next generation ultrabright light sources will operate at megahertz repetition rates with temporal resolution in the attosecond regime. For an X-Ray Free Electron Laser (FEL) to operate at such repetition rate requires a high quantum e ciency (QE) cathode to produce electron bunches of 300 pC per 1.5 µJ incident laser pulse. Semiconductor photocathodes have su cient QE in the ultraviolet (UV) and the visible spectrum, however, they produce picosecond electron pulses due to the electron-phonon scattering. On the other hand, metals have two orders of magnitude less QE, but can produce femtosecond pulses, that are required to form the optimum electron distribution for high e ciency FEL operation. In this work, a novel metallic photocathode design is presented, where a set of nano-cavities is introduced on the metal surface to increase its QE to meet the FEL requirements, while maintaining the fast time response.Photoemission can be broken up into three steps: (1) photon absorption, (2) electron transport to the surface, and (3) crossing the metal-vacuum barrier. The first two steps can be improved by making the metal completely absorbing and by localizing the fields closer to the metal surface, thereby reducing the electron travel distance. Both of these e↵ects can be achieved by coupling the incident light to an electron density wave on the metal surface, represented by a quasi-particle, the Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP).The photoemission then becomes a process where the photon energy is transferred to an SPP and then to an electron. The dispersion relation for the SPP defines the region of energies where such process can occur. For example, for gold, the maximum SPP energy is 2.4 eV, however, the work function is 5.6 eV, therefore, only a fourth order photoemission process is possible. In such process, four photons excite four plasmons that together excite only one electron. The yield of such non-linear process depends strongly on the light intensity.In this work, the structure consisted of rectangular nano-grooves (NGs) arranged in a subwavelength grating on a metal surface is presented that provides a dramatic increase in the metal's absorption, field localization, and field enhancement. When light is polarized perpendicular to the orientation of the grooves a standing SPP wave is excited along the vertical walls in the NGs, that act as Fabry-Perot resonators. By adjusting the geometry of 2 the NGs and the period of the subwavelength grating the resonance can be fine tuned to a desired position, for example, the laser fundamental wavelength, anywhere from the UV to the near infrared (NIR).Two types of gratings are presented: (a) a gold grating with period of 600 nm, and (b) an aluminum-gold grating with a period of 100 nm; both with resonance at 720 nm. In each case, strong on-resonance absorption was observed, with over 98% for grating (b). Unlike the grating-coupled SPP waves, where the angle is well defined by the momentum matching condition, the resonant NGs allow coupling to the standing modes at a range...

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Optical antenna: Towards a unity efficiency near-field optical probe

Abstract: Reflection scanning near-field optical microscopy with uncoated fiber tips: How good is the resolution really?

Cited by 313 publications

References 4 publications

Near-field antennas integrated with scanning probes for THz to visible microscopy: scale modeling and limitations on performance

Near-field antennas integrated with scanning probes for THz to visible microscopy: scale modeling and limitations on performance

Near-Millimeter Wave Issues for a Space Power Grid

Plasmon Enhanced Photoemission

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