Optical and structural properties of X-doped (X=Mn, Mg, and Zn) PZT nanoparticles by Kramers–Kronig and size strain plot methods

Khorrami, Gh.H.; Zak, A. Khorsand; Kompany, Ahmad; Yousefi, Ramin

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.04.012

Cited by 112 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The size-strain plot method distinguishes the width of the peaks that are induced by particle size and stresses in the crystal lattice, which are caused by distortions and imperfections in the crystal (Khorrami, Zak, & Kompany, 2012). This method works under the assumption that the size-induced widths (β D ) and the stress-induced widths (β S = 4εtanθ) are additive parameters of a total peak width β.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average crystal size of the alumina nanoparticles was calculated from the X-ray diffraction patterns and the size-strain plot method (SSP) (Khorrami, Zak, & Kompany, 2012). The size-strain plot method distinguishes the width of the peaks that are induced by particle size and stresses in the crystal lattice, which are caused by distortions and imperfections in the crystal (Khorrami, Zak, & Kompany, 2012).…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of colloidal stability, kinematic viscosity and flash point of B10 Diesel/Biodiesel blends using nanostructured additives based on Al2O3 and oleic acid

Herrera

Ojeda

Peñaloza

et al. 2017

CT&F Cienc. Tecnol. Futuro

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A lumina nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method and submitted to thermal treatment at 750 and 1000 °C. X-ray diffraction was used to determine crystal formation with sizes up to 280 nm. To achieve stable suspensions, a nano-additive was mixed with the diesel/biodiesel blends along with oleic acid surfactant to obtain concentrations of nano-additives at 10 and 20 ppm. For this, alumina nanoparticles were firstly mixed with 20 mL of oleic acid by using an ultrasonicator. Then, this mixture was heated at 80°C under constant agitation for 1 hour, and it was subsequently submitted to ultrasound for 30 minutes. Colloidal stability was evaluated according to Deryaguin-Landau-Verwey-Oberbeek (DLVO) theory by analyzing the total interaction energy of the system. Effects on the kinematic viscosity and flash point of the B10 blend were determined according to ASTM D-445 and ASTM D-93 regulations. The application of nano-additives in biodiesel blends showed an increase of the kinematic viscosity from 2.75 cSt to 3.33 cSt at 40°C with 20 ppm of nanoparticles in the B10 blend, while flash point increased from 65 °C to 66 °C. These results could represent a beneficial effect for engines performance due to their better lubricant capacity. On the other hand, fuels with high enough flash point are easy to handle for transportation and storage. Then, the implementation of nano-additives represents a good opportunity for the biofuels industry. ABSTRACTHow to cite: Herrera, Adriana., Ojeda, K.A., Peñaloza, A.D. Rincón, A. Evaluation of Colloidal Stability, Kinematic Viscosity and Flash Point of B10 Diesel/Biodiesel Blends using Nano-structured Additives based on Al2O3 and Oleic Acid (2017 72L as nanopartículas de Alúmina fueron sintetizadas por el método de sol-gel y sometidas a un tratamiento térmico a 750 y 1000 °C. Se utilizó la técnica de difracción de rayos-X para determinar la formación de cristales con tamaños de hasta 280 nm. Con el propósito de producir suspensiones estables, el nano-aditivo fue mezclado con una solución de diesel/biodiesel usando ácido oleico como un surfactante, obteniendo concentraciones de nano-aditivos de 10 y 20 ppm. Para esto, las nanopartículas de Alúmina se mezclaron primero con 20 mL de ácido oleico usando un baño de ultrasonido. Luego, la mezcla se calentó a 80°C bajo agitación constante por 1 hora, y subsecuentemente se llevó al ultrasonido por 30 minutos. La estabilidad coloidal se evaluó de acuerdo a la teoría de Deryaguin-Landau-Verwey-Oberbeek (DLVO) analizando la energía total de interacción del sistema. Los efectos sobre la viscosidad cinemática y el punto de inflamación de las mezclas B10 fueron determinados de acuerdo a las normas ASTM D-445 y ASTM D-93. La aplicación de los nano-aditivos a las mezclas de biodiesel mostraron un incremento en la viscosidad cinemática desde 2.75 cSt hasta 3.33 cSt a 40°C con una concentración de 20 ppm de nanopartículas en la mezcla B10, mientras que el punto de inflamación incrementó desde 65 °C hasta 66 °C. Estos resultados pueden representar ...

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Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of colloidal stability, kinematic viscosity and flash point of B10 Diesel/Biodiesel blends using nanostructured additives based on Al2O3 and oleic acid

Herrera

Ojeda

Peñaloza

et al. 2017

CT&F Cienc. Tecnol. Futuro

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“…The average values of the crystallite sizes in the Mg 1-x Zn x FeNiO 4 spinels have been estimated using the Debye Scherrer's, (D-S) [23], Williamson-Hall, (W-H) [45] and the size-strain, (S-S) [23,46] methods. The S-S method is characterized by giving less weight to data obtained from the high angle reflections [47].…”

Section: The Crystallite Sizesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Zn Substitution on Structure Factors, Debye-Waller Factors and Related Structural Properties of the Mg1-xZnxFeNiO4 Spinels

Khalaf¹

2019

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The effects of Zn 2+ ions substitutions on the Debye-Waller Factors, structure factor and other related structural properties of the Mg 1-x Zn x NiFeO 4 (where 0.0≤x≤1.0) spinels have been investigated using the XRD, TEM, SEM and FT-IR tools. The Mg 1-x Zn x NiFeO 4 samples were prepared using the conventional ceramic solid state sintering techniques at temperatures around 1100°C. The Mg 1-x Zn x NiFeO 4 spinels have predominantly inverse type structure with inversion factor, λ in the range 0.69 to 0.36. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all compositions showed the formation of cubic spinel structure. The lattice constant "a" increases from 8.3397Å for MgFeNiO 4 to 8.3855Å for ZnFeNiO 4 spinels. The increases in lattice parameters have been attributed to the replacement of small Mg 2+ ions (0.66 Å) with the Zn 2+ (0.74 Å) ions of a larger ionic radius. The IR spectra confirm the existence of two main absorption bands υ 1 and υ 2 in the frequency range of (400-1000 cm-1), arising due to the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) stretching vibrations respectively. Values of both υ 1 and υ 2 decrease as Zn content increases. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed aggregates of stacked grains. The normalized XRD intensities of the main (hkl) planes were used in the estimation of the Debye-Waller factor. Values of the Debye-Waller factors were estimated to be in the range (0.77-1.44A 2). The calculated and observed relative intensities and areas of the most related plains to cation distributions (i.e.: the (220), (311), (222), (400), (422), (511) and (440) plains) were obtained by normalizing with respect to the most intensive reflection from the (311) plane. An inverse relation between the ordering, Q and inversion, λ factors exists in these partially inverse spinels. Both Q and λ decrease as Zn content (x) increases in the sample. The cation distributions indicate that the sample, MgFeNiO 4 with x=0, λ=2/3 and maximum configurational entropy Sc(=15.876 J/mol, K) should represents the sample of the complete randomness of cation distributions in these spinels and can be written as (Mg 1/3 Fe 2/3)[Mg 2/3 Fe 1/3 Ni 3/3)O 4. In general the variation of the different structural parameters with Zn content lie on two different regions, the first region for x values (0.0-0.6) the "highly normal" and the second region for x values (0.6-1.0) the "highly inverse" type structure.

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“…It has been shown that the presence of lattice strain affects the position and broadening of the peaks in the XRD patterns. 19 So, it is more precise to consider the lattice strain The effects of different polymerization agents for calculating the crystallite size. Size strain plot (SSP) method is the one which makes it possible to consider more diffraction peaks from XRD pattern to evaluate both the crystallite size and the lattice strain.…”

Section: Structural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of different polymerization agents on structural and optical properties of (K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃ nanopowders synthesized by a facile green route

2014

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( K 0.5 N 0.5) NbO 3 lead-free nanopowders were synthesized by a modified sol–gel method in different media: gelatin, starch and chitosan, as polymerization and stabilizer agents. The proper temperature needed for calcinating the prepared gel was obtained using thermogravometric analysis (TGA). Structural and optical properties of the prepared powders were investigated and compared using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis diffused reflectance spectroscopy. The XRD patterns of the synthesized samples confirmed the formation of the orthorhombic structure at 600°C calcination temperature with no remarkable extra peaks. TEM images showed that the morphologies of the particles prepared in the three different media are cubic with the average size of about 69, 34 and 49 nm for gelatin, starch and chitosan, respectively. The value of the energy band gap of the samples was calculated by diffused reflectance spectroscopy, using Kubelka–Munk method. Our results showed that the type of the polymerization agent is important in preparing KNN nanoparticles and affects the structural and optical properties of the synthesized samples.

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Optical and structural properties of X-doped (X=Mn, Mg, and Zn) PZT nanoparticles by Kramers–Kronig and size strain plot methods

Cited by 112 publications

References 20 publications

Evaluation of colloidal stability, kinematic viscosity and flash point of B10 Diesel/Biodiesel blends using nanostructured additives based on Al2O3 and oleic acid

Evaluation of colloidal stability, kinematic viscosity and flash point of B10 Diesel/Biodiesel blends using nanostructured additives based on Al2O3 and oleic acid

Effects of Zn Substitution on Structure Factors, Debye-Waller Factors and Related Structural Properties of the Mg<sub>1-x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>FeNiO<sub>4</sub> Spinels

The effects of different polymerization agents on structural and optical properties of (K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃ nanopowders synthesized by a facile green route

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Optical and structural properties of X-doped (X=Mn, Mg, and Zn) PZT nanoparticles by Kramers–Kronig and size strain plot methods

Cited by 112 publications

References 20 publications

Evaluation of colloidal stability, kinematic viscosity and flash point of B10 Diesel/Biodiesel blends using nanostructured additives based on Al2O3 and oleic acid

Evaluation of colloidal stability, kinematic viscosity and flash point of B10 Diesel/Biodiesel blends using nanostructured additives based on Al2O3 and oleic acid

Effects of Zn Substitution on Structure Factors, Debye-Waller Factors and Related Structural Properties of the Mg&lt;sub&gt;1-x&lt;/sub&gt;Zn&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;FeNiO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Spinels

The effects of different polymerization agents on structural and optical properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 nanopowders synthesized by a facile green route

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Effects of Zn Substitution on Structure Factors, Debye-Waller Factors and Related Structural Properties of the Mg<sub>1-x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>FeNiO<sub>4</sub> Spinels

The effects of different polymerization agents on structural and optical properties of (K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃ nanopowders synthesized by a facile green route