“…2 presents the absorption spectra in the range of 400e1000 nm in Nd 3þ doped bismuth silicate glasses. Eight absorption bands are observed, which are assigned to the transitions of 4 I 9/2 / 4 G 9/2 , 4 G 7/2 , ( 4 G 5/2 , 2 G 7/2 ), 2 H 11/2 , 4 F 9/2 , ( 4 F 7/2 , 4 S 3/2 ), ( 4 F 5/2 , 2 H 9/2 ) and 4 F 3/2 at 514, 527, 585, 624, 684, 749, 806, 879 nm, respectively [17]. It can be seen that each absorption band becomes stronger with the increment of Nd 2 O 3 concentration.…”