Optical and Conductive Characteristics of Metallic Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Three Basic Colors; Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow

Yanagi, Kazuhiro; Miyata, Yasumitsu; Kataura, Hiromichi

doi:10.1143/apex.1.034003

Cited by 161 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The purity of the metal fraction of the CNT in this method reaches 99% [153]. Yanagi et al [157] demonstrate suspensions of high-purity separated geometries of m-CNTs with diameters of 1.34, 1.0 and 0.84 nm, which featured three different colours: cyan, magenta and yellow, correspondingly. Yanagi et al also reported the dependence of the centrifugation process on temperature conditions using sucrose as a density gradient medium [158].…”

Section: Cnt Separationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Carbon nanotubes for ultrafast fibre lasers

et al. 2016

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess both remarkable optical properties and high potential for integration in various photonic devices. We overview, here, recent progress in CNT applications in fibre optics putting particular emphasis on fibre lasers. We discuss fabrication and characterisation of different CNTs, development of CNTbased saturable absorbers (CNT-SA), their integration and operation in fibre laser cavities putting emphasis on stateof-the-art fibre lasers, mode locked using CNT-SA. We discuss new design concepts of high-performance ultrafast operation fibre lasers covering ytterbium (Yb), bismuth (Bi), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm) and holmium (Ho)-doped fibre lasers.

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Section: Cnt Separationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Carbon nanotubes for ultrafast fibre lasers

et al. 2016

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“…In a recent report, 10 we provided unambiguous evidence of bulk enrichment of armchair nanotubes through DGU by utilizing wavelength-dependent resonant Raman scattering spectroscopy. We found that the Raman spectra were dominated by (6,6), (7,7), (8,8), (9,9), and (10,10) for samples enriched from carbon nanotubes synthesized by the high-pressure carbon monoxide (HiPco) method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Origin of Colors of Armchair Carbon Nanotubes

Hároz

Duque

et al. 2012

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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ABSTRACT:The colors of suspended metallic colloidal particles are determined by their size-dependent plasma resonance, while those of semiconducting colloidal particles are determined by their size-dependent band gap. Here, we present a novel case for armchair carbon nanotubes, suspended in aqueous medium, for which the color depends on their sizedependent excitonic resonance, even though the individual particles are metallic. We observe distinct colors of a series of armchair-enriched nanotube suspensions, highlighting the unique coloration mechanism of these one-dimensional metals.The size-dependent colors of suspended colloidal particles have fascinated researchers, engineers, and artists for centuries. While quantum confinement always plays a fundamental role, the coloration mechanism can differ depending on whether the particles are metallic or semiconducting. For metallic nanoparticles, their colors are determined by the freecarrier plasma resonance whose frequency depends on the electron density as well as the particle size and shape. 1 For semiconducting nanoparticles, the key parameter is the sizedependent fundamental band gap, i.e., the separation between the top of the valence band (HOMO) and the bottom of the conduction band (LUMO), which sensitively changes with quantum confinement, i.e., size. 2 Here, we present a novel case for armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), suspended in aqueous medium, for which the origin of their color depends on the interband excitonic resonance even though the individual particles are gapless, i.e., metallic. Armchair nanotubes enjoy a rather special status among the SWCNT family. The structure of each member, or species, of the family is uniquely specified by a pair of integers, (n,m), resulting in different species possessing different diameters, chiral angles, and electronic types (semiconducting or metallic). 3 Armchair SWCNTs are characterized by the simple relation n = m, i.e., (n,n), and they are known to be the only truly gapless species with excellent electrical properties, exhibiting ballistic conduction even at room temperature. 4 At the same time, their one-dimensional characteristics combined with their linear band dispersions have attracted much fundamental interest for exploring many-body phenomena. 5 However, systematic studies of macroscopic ensembles of armchair nanotubes have been impossible due to the coexistence of different (n,m) species of nanotubes in asgrown samples.Recent years have seen impressive progress in post-growth separation of SWCNTs using a variety of methods. One of the most successful methods has been density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU), 6-10 which can sort out different species of SWCNTs in bulk quantities according to their diameters, chiralities, and electronic types, enabling studies of (n,m)-dependent properties using standard macroscopic characterization measurements. In a recent report, 10 we provided unambiguous evidence of bulk enrichment of armchair nanotubes through DGU by utilizing wavelength-dependen...

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“…Recent advances in the separation of SWCNTs by length and electronic type, however, have ushered in a new era of research focused on the physical attributes and potential applications of highly monodisperse nanotube materials. [17][18][19][20][21][22] In particular, such purified SWCNTs show tremendous promise for flexible electronics applications, 23 where the mechanics of vdW contact forces will play a potentially profound role in dictating device durability and performance. 24,25 One recent study, for example, offered compelling evidence that electronic type can have a significant influence on the durability of flexible transparent SWCNT films, with metallic nanotubes offering improved performance over semiconducting nanotubes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical evaluation of attractive van der Waals potentials for type-purified single-walled carbon nanotubes

et al. 2012

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Van der Waals forces play a critical role in the structure and stability of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) materials. Thin films assembled from SWCNTs purified by electronic type show particular promise for flexible electronics applications, but mechanical durability remains an unresolved issue. Using transition resonances determined from spectroscopic measurements of typepurified SWCNTs deposited on quartz, coupled with analogous spectroscopic characterization of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates, we use the Lifshitz theory of van der Waals dispersion interactions developed by Rajter and co-workers [R. F. Rajter et. al., Phys. Rev. B 76, 045417 (2007)] to examine the influence of electronic type on van der Waals contact potentials in polymer supported nanotube networks. Our results suggest a significantly stronger nanotube-nanotube and nanotube-polymer attraction for the semiconducting SWCNT fractions, consistent with recent measurements of the electronic durability of flexible transparent SWCNT coatings.PACS numbers: 61.48. De, 78.67.Ch, 82.35.Np, 78.20.Bh 2 I. INTRODUCTIONVan der Waals (vdW) forces play a significant role in the structural stability of matter across a broad range of chemistry, physics, and biology. 1-6 They also play a particularly important role in nanotechnology, where they dominate the short-range attraction between nanoparticles and can hinder their dispersion and manipulation. [7][8][9][10][11] For particles lacking a permanent dipole moment, vdW dispersion forces arise solely from small fluctuations in the electromagnetic field -or more precisely, the dielectric permittivity -across the space between the particles, 12,13 which is dominated by the zero-point energy of quantum vacuum fluctuations. The quantum-field nature of such a mundane, ubiquitous and sometimes macroscopic force is quite remarkable, if on occasion not fully appreciated.Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are nanometer thick tubes of graphene 100 nm to 100 µm in length. They can be either metallic or semiconducting, depending on the chiral vector (n, m) that characterizes the symmetry of rolling a 2D graphene sheet into a hollow tube. 14 They are one of the most studied materials within the realm of modern nanotechnology, with exceptional physical properties that herald the possibility of significant technological potential. 15 The importance of vdW forces in SWCNT materials cannot be overstated. The high aspect ratio and strong anisotropy create potential wells thousands of k B T in depth, but SWCNTs have yet to realize their full potential as mechanical reinforcing agents. This is primarily due to the mechanical failure of interfacial contacts, which are largely governed by vdW forces. Although chemical crosslinking can help mitigate such effects, this often occurs at the expense of the intrinsic SWCNT properties of interest, 16 which can limit the potential impact of applications.Raw nanotube materials typically contain a broad distribution of lengths and a mixture of the two distinct electronic species...

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Optical and Conductive Characteristics of Metallic Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Three Basic Colors; Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow

Cited by 161 publications

References 8 publications

Carbon nanotubes for ultrafast fibre lasers

Carbon nanotubes for ultrafast fibre lasers

Unique Origin of Colors of Armchair Carbon Nanotubes

Empirical evaluation of attractive van der Waals potentials for type-purified single-walled carbon nanotubes

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