Optical analysis of circuitry for respiratory rhythm in isolated brainstem of foetal mice

Muller, Kenneth J.; Tsechpenakis, Gavriil; Homma, Ryota; Nicholls, John G.; Cohen, Lawrence B.; Eugenı́n, Jaime

doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0070

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We are in the midst of a revolution in working toward that goal (Alivisatos et al, 2013b). The development of groundbreaking methods to: (a) histologically map connections in an entire brain (Cai et al, 2013;Chung and Deisseroth, 2013;Morgan and Lichtman, 2013); (b) functionally map circuits "optogenetically" by activating or inactivating subsets of neurons (Reiner et al, 2013), (c) visualize synapses and other structures in live brains at high resolution by two photon microscopy (Trachtenberg et al, 2002), and (d) the ability to record neural activity simultaneously from many neurons in live brains (Muller et al, 2009;Alivisatos et al, 2013a) offers an unprecedented repertoire of new methods for elucidating connectivity. The histological methods have been developed in animal models and will require scaling for application to postmortem human brains.…”

Section: Long-term Targets and Group Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A blueprint for research on Shankopathies: A view from research on autism spectrum disorder

Carbonetto

2013

Developmental Neurobiology

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with mutations in a host of genes including a number that function in synaptic transmission. Phelan McDermid syndrome involves mutations in SHANK3 which encodes a protein that forms a scaffold for glutamate receptors at the synapse. SHANK3 is one of the genes that underpins the synaptic hypothesis for ASD. We discuss this hypothesis with a view to the broader context of ASD and with special emphasis on highly penetrant genetic disorders including Shankopathies. We propose a blueprint for near and longer-term goals for fundamental and translational research on Shankopathies.

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Section: Long-term Targets and Group Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A blueprint for research on Shankopathies: A view from research on autism spectrum disorder

Carbonetto

2013

Developmental Neurobiology

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“…It enable us to use the neu rons of mollusks as eligible models [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], in paral lel with the neurons of warmblooded animals, for experimental research on the performance of the ion channels and the mechanisms of influences on them made by various physical factors, chemical substanc es and pharmaceutical drugs either of already known nature or being designed. Our studies were carried out on the large identified (100-200 µm) neurons of the parietal ganglia (LPaG and RPaG) ( Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of electromagnetic influences and effects on membrane systems in neurons and cardiomyocytes

Орлов¹,

Rudenko²,

Shikhlyarova³

et al. 2017

Cardiometry

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AimThe aim of our studies was to discover responses of the membrane systems in neurons and cardiomyocytes as well as mechanisms of influences and effects produced by the broadband-spectrum stochastic electromagnetic radiation (BBSS EMR) on them according to data on membrane potential (MP) levels and action potential (AP) parameters obtained by us. Materials and methodsNeurons from the isolated central neural system (CNS) of the snail Helix pomatia were selected to serve as a model for our experiments. We applied an electrophysiological technique implying recording of intracellular potentials of a neuron. The presented research work is of fundamental nature and reveals some intimate mechanisms of actions made by electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on the cytoplasm membrane of a neuron and its channels that is applicable to cardiomyocytes. An absolutely exclusive distinctive feature of our work is that the specific BBSS EMR used in our experiments has unique characteristics and offers broadband stochastic radiated frequencies in the range from 10 n Hz to 10 m Hz at an integral radiation power of only 0,1 µW. Another distinguishing feature of the applied EMR parameters is that the stochastically organized EMR is supplied under such action rhythms, which are close to the natural alpha-, theta-and delta-rhythms of an EEG as well to the natural background base resonance frequency of the Earth, which has been physically measured to be 7,83 Hz, that is evolutionary significant for biological systems. Results and discussionWe are pioneers in the world science who succeeded in ob-

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“…The formation of spatial memory is reliant on theta rhythm in the hippocampus, for example [1] . Pacemaker neurons are key rhythmicity generators in many of these networks [2] , [3] . The most well studied pacemaker network exists in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, an area that is responsible for food intake, sleep and the regulation of body temperature and heart rate [3] , [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic and Intrinsic Activation of GABAergic Neurons in the Cardiorespiratory Brainstem Network

Frank

Mendelowitz

2012

PLoS ONE

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GABAergic pathways in the brainstem play an essential role in respiratory rhythmogenesis and interactions between the respiratory and cardiovascular neuronal control networks. However, little is known about the identity and function of these GABAergic inhibitory neurons and what determines their activity. In this study we have identified a population of GABAergic neurons in the ventrolateral medulla that receive increased excitatory post-synaptic potentials during inspiration, but also have spontaneous firing in the absence of synaptic input. Using transgenic mice that express GFP under the control of the Gad1 (GAD67) gene promoter, we determined that this population of GABAergic neurons is in close apposition to cardioinhibitory parasympathetic cardiac neurons in the nucleus ambiguus (NA). These neurons fire in synchronization with inspiratory activity. Although they receive excitatory glutamatergic synaptic inputs during inspiration, this excitatory neurotransmission was not altered by blocking nicotinic receptors, and many of these GABAergic neurons continue to fire after synaptic blockade. The spontaneous firing in these GABAergic neurons was not altered by the voltage-gated calcium channel blocker cadmium chloride that blocks both neurotransmission to these neurons and voltage-gated Ca2+ currents, but spontaneous firing was diminished by riluzole, demonstrating a role of persistent sodium channels in the spontaneous firing in these cardiorespiratory GABAergic neurons that possess a pacemaker phenotype. The spontaneously firing GABAergic neurons identified in this study that increase their activity during inspiration would support respiratory rhythm generation if they acted primarily to inhibit post-inspiratory neurons and thereby release inspiration neurons to increase their activity. This population of inspiratory-modulated GABAergic neurons could also play a role in inhibiting neurons that are most active during expiration and provide a framework for respiratory sinus arrhythmia as there is an increase in heart rate during inspiration that occurs via inhibition of premotor parasympathetic cardioinhibitory neurons in the NA during inspiration.

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Optical analysis of circuitry for respiratory rhythm in isolated brainstem of foetal mice

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

A blueprint for research on Shankopathies: A view from research on autism spectrum disorder

A blueprint for research on Shankopathies: A view from research on autism spectrum disorder

Mechanisms of electromagnetic influences and effects on membrane systems in neurons and cardiomyocytes

Synaptic and Intrinsic Activation of GABAergic Neurons in the Cardiorespiratory Brainstem Network

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