Optical amplifiers transform long-distance lightwave telecommunications

Giles, Randy; Li, Tingye

doi:10.1109/5.503143

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Efficiency also benefits large-scale WDM transmission where TX power is distributed over many channels (λs), and FSO links, where transmitter power is often a limiting design driver (see e.g., [2,21,339]). High power optical amplifier needs have historically been met by erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) operating near 1550nm [126,[340][341][342]. When compared with RF amplifiers, EDFAs have many desirable characteristics including high gain (> 40 dB), large average output power (> 10 W), and ultra-wide bandwidth > 10 THz.…”

Section: High Power Optical Amplifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser communication transmitter and receiver design

Caplan

2007

J Optic Comm Rep

117

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Free-space laser communication systems have the potential to provide flexible, high-speed connectivity suitable for long-haul intersatellite and deep-space links. For these applications, power-efficient transmitter and receiver designs are essential for cost-effective implementation. State-of-the-art designs can leverage many of the recent advances in optical communication technologies that have led to global wideband fiber-optic networks with multiple Tbit/s capacities. While spectral efficiency has long been a key design parameter in the telecommunications industry, the many THz of excess channel bandwidth in the optical regime can be used to improve receiver sensitivities where photon efficiency is a design driver. Furthermore, the combination of excess bandwidth and average-power-limited optical transmitters has led to a new paradigm in transmitter and receiver design that can extend optimized performance of a single receiver to accommodate multiple data rates. This paper discusses state-of-the-art optical transmitter and receiver designs that are particularly well suited for average-power-limited photon-starved links where channel bandwidth is readily available. For comparison, relatively simple direct-detection systems used in short terrestrial or fiber optic links are discussed, but emphasis is placed on mature high-performance photon-efficient systems and commercially available technologies suitable for operation in space. The fundamental characteristics of optical sources, modulators, amplifiers, detectors, and associated noise sources are reviewed along with some of the unique properties that distinguish laser communication systems and components from their RF counterparts. Also addressed is the interplay between modulation format, transmitter waveform, and receiver design, as well as practical tradeoffs and implementation considerations that arise from using various technologies.

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Section: High Power Optical Amplifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser communication transmitter and receiver design

Caplan

2007

J Optic Comm Rep

117

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“…Despite the rather cautious nature of Lindgren's analysis, the communications industry viewed the large potential bandwidth of optical communications as being sufficient incentive to pursue the continued development of both optical fibre and semiconductor optoelectronic components. This figure-of-merit would go on to double approximately every two years due to the development of a further four generations of optical communications [16]; techniques such as wavelength division multiplexing [17] and soliton transmission [18], both of which were enabled by optical amplifiers [19], meant that long-distance optical fibre links had broken the 1 Tb/s barrier by 2000 (Figure 1.2). Since then, the success of optical fibre communications has more than surpassed what many of its earliest developers would have dared hoped for.…”

Section: The Roots Of Microwave Photonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Photonics – an Introductory Overview

Iezekiel

2009

Microwave Photonics

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“…without huge losses of energy) over large distances without intermediate transformations at middle stations 14,15 . Similarly, optical networks apply signal re-generators for the transmission of light signals over large distances to be able to sustain the signal-to-noise ratio 16 . Also in certain social networks, middlemen as intermediate nodes may play crucial role in enhancing cooperation between the individuals or groups 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometric explanation of the rich-club phenomenon in complex networks

Csigi

Kő̈rösi

Bı́ró

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The rich club organization (the presence of highly connected hub core in a network) influences many structural and functional characteristics of networks including topology, the efficiency of paths and distribution of load. Despite its major role, the literature contains only a very limited set of models capable of generating networks with realistic rich club structure. One possible reason is that the rich club organization is a divisive property among complex networks which exhibit great diversity, in contrast to other metrics (e.g. diameter, clustering or degree distribution) which seem to behave very similarly across many networks. Here we propose a simple yet powerful geometry-based growing model which can generate realistic complex networks with high rich club diversity by controlling a single geometric parameter. The growing model is validated against the Internet, protein-protein interaction, airport and power grid networks.

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Optical amplifiers transform long-distance lightwave telecommunications

Cited by 21 publications

References 66 publications

Laser communication transmitter and receiver design

Laser communication transmitter and receiver design

Microwave Photonics – an Introductory Overview

Geometric explanation of the rich-club phenomenon in complex networks

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