Optical Amplifiers for Modern Networks

Menashe, D.; Shlifer, A. L.; Ghera, Uri

doi:10.1109/icton.2006.248256

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Changing the EDF combination requires complex simultaneous control of the pump LDs, SWs and VOAs and this will be the subject of further study. However, we can say that the typical gain control speed of an EDFA with pump power control is a few hundred microseconds, which is about one tenth of the response time of the SW element [3]. Therefore, we believe that the response time for configuring the EDF combinations is dominated by the speed of the SW element, and can be within the optical network restoration time of 50 ms [15].…”

Section: Dependence Of Noise Figure and Pump Power On Amplifier Gainmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The ASE is divided into components representing the photon flux present in bandwidth centered at . Here, introducing the average inversion level, (3) and the average net gain coefficient, (4) where is the EDF length, and integrating (2), we obtain the following expression of the output photon flux (5) From (1) and (2), the temporal differentiation of the average inversion level can be derived as [12] (6)…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average population inversion determines the EDF gain per unit length and EDFs with different lengths have different flattened gain spectra, which are the optimized gain spectra for WDM signal amplification. Therefore, a typical variable gain amplifier consists of two amplifier stages with a variable optical attenuator (VOA) inserted between them [1]- [3]. The total average inversion level of the two amplifier stages is kept constant and variable gain is achieved by changing the VOA attenuation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wide-Range Variable Gain Fiber Amplifier With Erbium-Doped Fiber Switching

Ono

Watanabe

Suzuki

et al. 2013

J. Lightwave Technol.

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A variable gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) with a wide gain range and a small noise figure (NF) variation is analyzed numerically and demonstrated experimentally. The EDFA can change the total erbium-doped fiber length by selecting six combinations of three EDFs with optical switches (SWs). The numerical calculation of the NF and the pump power using the analytical model of an EDFA indicates that such a variable gain EDFA has an advantage over a conventional multi-stage EDFA in terms of NF variation and required pump power. These characteristics are demonstrated by constructing a variable gain EDFA that employs SWs and variable optical attenuators (VOAs) integrated on a silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC). The variable gain EDFA exhibits a smaller NF variation of 1.2 dB for the 24-dB variable gain range than conventional two-and four-stage EDFAs, which have NF variations of 12.6 and 2.0 dB, respectively, for the same variable gain range. The power consumption of these EDFAs is also discussed by comparing the operating electric power of the SWs and VOAs with that of the pump laser.Index Terms-Erbium, optical fiber amplifiers, optical fiber communication, wavelength division multiplexing.

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Section: Dependence Of Noise Figure and Pump Power On Amplifier Gainmentioning

confidence: 94%