Optical absorption microscopy of localized atoms at microwave domain: two-dimensional localization based on the projection of three-dimensional localization

Abstract

A new approach for achieving two-dimensional (2D) atom localization microscopy based on the projection of three-dimensional (3D) localization in the plane of the detector is described in the present work. Spatial variation of the position-dependent 2D-localization pattern in the xy-plane is obtained with the shifting of the position of the detector along the z-axis under the parallel-and cross-axis configurations of the standing-wave fields. An attempt is made to study the 2D-localization characteristics in the specific parametric conditions for which the localization structures evolve with different shapes eventually leading to 100% detection probability of the atom both in the subwavelength and sub-half-wavelength regimes. The scope of tuning the cross-axis configuration over a wide range adds novelty and robustness to this model. Apart from the 2D-localization, various localization patterns with eight-to single-peak structures appear as interesting outcomes through the efficient manipulation of control parameters in the study of one-dimensional (1D) atom localization. The application of the traveling-wave field or its equivalent appears to be unique in achieving high-precision localization with maximal probability (100%) in both the 1D and 2D field-configuration schemes. Proper tuning of the traveling wave accompanied by the standing wave in the 1D scheme results in the singlepeak localization in the sub-half-wavelength range. As a whole, the present work seems to be very much efficient for high-precision optical lithography.

Spatially structured multi-wave-mixing induced nonlinear absorption and gain in a semiconductor quantum well

“…In the last two decades, precise position measurement of the atom has attracted a lot of attention because of its potential application in trapping of neutral atoms in laser cooling 41 and atom nanolithography 42 . Owing to spatially modulated coherence rendered by the standing wave field, a number of works has been proposed on atom localization in 1D [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] and 2D [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] , which describe measurement-induced atom localization based on atomic population 45,51,54 , CPT 48 , EIT 61 , interacting dark resonances 49,58 , resonance fluorescence 44,52 , spontaneous emission 46,59 , probe absorption 47,50,53,[55][56][57]60,62,63 and so on. 2D electron localisation has also been investigated by m...…”

Three-dimensional atom localization with high-precision and high-resolution via a microwave field in an atomic system

“…Quite recently, several schemes [49][50][51] have been proposed to investigate the atom localization in three dimensions. Qi et al [52] studied the localization and structure by the transparency of electromagnetic induction, a variety of atom localization patterns in the subspaces could be obtained via changing the system parameters.…”

Spatial-dependent probe transmission based high-precision two-dimensional atomic localization

“…Similar 2D schemes have been used for the atomic localization through spontaneous emission [42,43], gain absorption spectra [44][45][46], and level population measurement [47,48]. Further advancement in the field of atomic localization has been made by [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58].…”