Optic Perineuritis and its Association with Rheumatic Connective Tissue Disease

Abstract

Objective Analyze the etiology and clinical characteristics of optic perineuritis (OPN) in a Chinese patient population Methods Neuro-ophthalmological examination and a series of blood samples were used in this retrospective observational cohort study to compare characteristics of OPN with idiopathic demyelination optic neuritis (IDON). Results 44 OPN cases (74 eyes) and 61 IDON cases (78 eyes) were analyzed. The causes of OPN with CTD were Graves’ disease, Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG-4 RD), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GAP), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sarcoidosis, Rheumatoid, scleroderma, Behcet's disease, and gout. Overall, 33 cases showed orbit fat infiltration. Specifically, 9 cases with IgG-4 RD showed trigeminal nerve branch involvement, 12 cases with Graves’ showed extraocular muscle belly enlargement, and 4 cases with GAP showed pterygopalatine fossa pseudotumor through orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Compared to IDON patients, OPN patients were older (p=0.004) and more likely bilateral involvement 26 (78.79%) patients had bilateral involvement in OPN group versus 17 (27.87%) in the IDON group (p<0.001). Visual acuity scores was better in OPN patients compared to those with IDON, 0.55±0.91versus 1.19±1.24 (p<0.001). 8 (13.11%) IDON patients also had multiple sclerosis (MS) and 7(11.48%) patients had neuromyelitis which was significantly more than the 0 patients in OPN group (p=0.04). Conclusions OPN had distinct etiologies and clinical characteristics from IDON and is more often associated with rheumatic CTD. Using OPN characteristics to diagnose CTD should prove useful for clinicians when presented with patients that have multiorgan dysfunction that include ophthalmologic findings.

Analysis and Reconstruction Method of Spatial Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Villages Based on Parameterization

“…Practical research on the application of parameterization techniques in the planning and design of rural settlement spatial forms is limited. Parameterized research on traditional villages mainly focuses on parametric design of street and alley spaces [45], quantitative analysis of spatial texture [46,47], quantitative research on the spatial morphology of traditional villages based on spatial syntax [48,49], etc. This study integrates concepts of inheritance and innovation to construct a parametric analysis system that quantitatively analyzes the inherent laws and characteristics of traditional Chinese village spaces.…”