Optic Neuritis: From Magnocellular to Cognitive Residual Dysfunction

Viret, Anne-Claire; Cavézian, Céline; Coubard, Olivier A.; Vasseur, Vivien; Raz, Noa; Levin, Netta; Vignal-Clermont, C.; Gout, Olivier; Chokron, Sylvie

doi:10.1155/2013/142680

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Such improvement has already been observed in several studies, independently from BCVA changes (Sugiura et al, 2014). While low spatial frequencies are typically impaired by optic neuritis (Viret et al, 2013), high spatial frequencies tend to be altered by intra‐ocular affections, including retinal diseases like age‐related macular degeneration (Peyrin et al, 2017). This might support the hypothesis that ERM surgery was responsible for the contrast sensitivity improvement measured in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binocular visual function improvement after pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane

Dormegny

Foch

Messerlin

et al. 2023

Acta Ophthalmologica

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PurposeTo report binocular visual function changes after pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane (ERM) and the related outcomes.MethodsTwenty‐three eyes of 23 patients operated on for ERM were included in a retrospective study. Clinical data, best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity and binocular visual function were assessed pre‐ and 1 and 3 months post‐operatively. Binocular visual function assessment included the evaluation of fusional amplitudes (i.e., vergences) by the synoptophore, far distance stereopsis using polarized glasses and near stereopsis using Randot and TNO tests. Central macular thickness (CMT) was measured on Spectral Domain – Optical Coherence Tomography.ResultsMean age of the patients was 67 years. Mean BCVA and contrast sensitivity significantly improved post‐operatively at one (p = 0.0006 and p = 0.0022, respectively) and 3 months (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively), while CMT significantly decreased after 1–3 months (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Fusional amplitudes improved after 3 months (p < 0.0001). Far distance and near stereopsis significantly improved after 3 months (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0007 for Randot test, and p < 0.0001 for TNO test, respectively).ConclusionsPars plana vitrectomy for ERM surgery leads to an improvement of monocular and binocular visual functions (i.e., binocular fusion, near and far distance stereopsis), within 3 months post‐operatively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binocular visual function improvement after pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane

Dormegny

Foch

Messerlin

et al. 2023

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…Optic neuritis is associated with alteration of both the parvocellular and magnocellular pathways (194). Viret et al suggested that the more heavily myelinated magnocellular axons are more vulnerable in patients with optic neuritis because low spatial frequencies, which are transmitted by the magnocellular pathway, are affected predominantly 1 month after the acute phase of the optic neuritis episode (195). Despite the recovery of visual acuity, the magnocellular pathway did not fully normalise (196).…”

Section: Acquired Optic Neuropathiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Ganglion Cells—Diversity of Cell Types and Clinical Relevance

et al. 2021

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Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the bridging neurons that connect the retinal input to the visual processing centres within the central nervous system. There is a remarkable diversity of RGCs and the various subtypes have unique morphological features, distinct functions, and characteristic pathways linking the inner retina to the relevant brain areas. A number of psychophysical and electrophysiological tests have been refined to investigate this large and varied population of RGCs. Technological advances, such as high-resolution optical coherence tomography imaging, have provided additional tools to define the pattern of RGC involvement and the chronological sequence of events in both inherited and acquired optic neuropathies. The mechanistic insights gained from these studies, in particular the selective vulnerability and relative resilience of particular RGC subtypes, are of fundamental importance as they are directly relevant to the development of targeted therapies for these invariably progressive blinding diseases. This review provides a comprehensive description of the various types of RGCs, the developments in proposed methods of classification, and the current gaps in our knowledge of how these RGCs are differentially affected depending on the underlying aetiology. The synthesis of the current body of knowledge on the diversity of RGCs and the pathways that are potentially amenable to therapeutic modulation will hopefully lead to much needed effective treatments for patients with optic neuropathies.

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“…At the lowest level of visual processing, unilateral lesion of the optic nerve is responsible for monocular blindness. Optic neuritis as observed in multiple sclerosis can result in monocular blindness (Viret et al, 2013 ; see Figure 5B1 ). Lesion of optic chiasma, which can be seen in hypophyseal adenoma, results in bitemporal hemianopia: only fibers from nasal retinas decussating in the optic chiasma are injured, resulting in temporal loss of vision bilaterally (Schneider, 1979 ; Foroozan, 2003 ; see Figure 5B2 ).…”

Section: The Blind Brain From Optic Neuritis To Neglectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educating the blind brain: a panorama of neural bases of vision and of training programs in organic neurovisual deficits

Coubard

Urbanski

Bourlon³

et al. 2014

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Vision is a complex function, which is achieved by movements of the eyes to properly foveate targets at any location in 3D space and to continuously refresh neural information in the different visual pathways. The visual system involves five main routes originating in the retinas but varying in their destination within the brain: the occipital cortex, but also the superior colliculus (SC), the pretectum, the supra-chiasmatic nucleus, the nucleus of the optic tract and terminal dorsal, medial and lateral nuclei. Visual pathway architecture obeys systematization in sagittal and transversal planes so that visual information from left/right and upper/lower hemi-retinas, corresponding respectively to right/left and lower/upper visual fields, is processed ipsilaterally and ipsialtitudinally to hemi-retinas in left/right hemispheres and upper/lower fibers. Organic neurovisual deficits may occur at any level of this circuitry from the optic nerve to subcortical and cortical destinations, resulting in low or high-level visual deficits. In this didactic review article, we provide a panorama of the neural bases of eye movements and visual systems, and of related neurovisual deficits. Additionally, we briefly review the different schools of rehabilitation of organic neurovisual deficits, and show that whatever the emphasis is put on action or perception, benefits may be observed at both motor and perceptual levels. Given the extent of its neural bases in the brain, vision in its motor and perceptual aspects is also a useful tool to assess and modulate central nervous system (CNS) in general.

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Optic Neuritis: From Magnocellular to Cognitive Residual Dysfunction

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Binocular visual function improvement after pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane

Binocular visual function improvement after pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane

Retinal Ganglion Cells—Diversity of Cell Types and Clinical Relevance

Educating the blind brain: a panorama of neural bases of vision and of training programs in organic neurovisual deficits

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