Optic nerve sheath diameter: present and future perspectives for neurologists and critical care physicians

Lochner, Piergiorgio; Czosnyka, Marek; Naldi, Andrea; Lyros, Epameinondas; Pelosi, Paolo; Mathur, Shrey; Faßbender, Klaus; Robba, Chiara

doi:10.1007/s10072-019-04015-x

Cited by 86 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Transorbital ultrasonography offers the advantages of not requiring general anaesthesia, of being low cost and non-invasive, as well as usually needing short procedural times. 12 In the veterinary literature, a few studies describe ONSD measurement via the transpalpebral US approach in healthy dogs and horses. [13][14][15] To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies related to the ONSD in cats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability of ultrasound examination of the optic nerve sheath diameter in the adult cat: comparison between healthy cats and cats suffering from presumed intracranial hypertension

Evangelisti

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Burrai

et al. 2020

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives The objectives of this study were to test: (1) the repeatability of ultrasonographic examination of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in the cat; (2) the association between the ONSD and age, sex and body weight in healthy cats; and (3) the difference in the ONSD between healthy cats and those suffering from presumed intracranial hypertension (ICH). Methods This study had a prospective, blinded, observational cross-sectional study design. Two groups of animals were considered: healthy cats (group A) and cats with a diagnosis of presumed ICH (group B). The ONSD was evaluated, measured and compared between the two groups via an ultrasonographic transpalpebral approach. Repeatability of the procedure was evaluated through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data were statistically compared using the Student’s t-test and linear regression analysis. Results A strong inter- and intraobserver ICC indicating good repeatability was observed. The interobserver ICC was 0.965 ( P <0.05) for the right eye and 0.956 ( P <0.05) for the left eye. The intraobserver ICC was 0.988 ( P <0.05) and 0.984 ( P <0.05), or the right and left eyes, respectively. In healthy cats the mean ± SD ONSD was 1.23 ± 0.11 mm (range 1–1.47 mm) and 1.23 ± 0.10 (range 1–1.4 mm) for right and left eyes, respectively. The ONSD was not related to sex or weight; a weak relationship was observed with age. In group B, the mean ONSD was 1.68 ± 0.13 mm (range 1.5–1.9 mm) and 1.61 ± 0.15 mm (range 1.4–1.9 mm) for the right and left eyes, respectively. In group B, the ONSD was statistically significantly larger than in group A, the healthy cats ( P <0.001). Conclusions and relevance The transpalpebral ultrasonographic technique is a non-invasive, feasible and reproducible method to measure ONSD both in healthy cats and in cats suffering from suspected ICH.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability of ultrasound examination of the optic nerve sheath diameter in the adult cat: comparison between healthy cats and cats suffering from presumed intracranial hypertension

Evangelisti

Carta

Burrai

et al. 2020

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…Because most ultrasound probes have a smallest measurable distance of 0.1 mm, accurate measurement of ONSD with satisfactory image quality is important. Sonographic quality criteria for optimizing ONSD measurements in critical care settings have been suggested as mentioned in Ultrasound technique and the relevant anatomy of ocular sonography , and applying them in future studies may help to standardize ONSD calculations [ 16 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Limitations and Further Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point-of-care ultrasound of optic nerve sheath diameter to detect intracranial pressure in neurocritically ill children - A narrative review

et al. 2020

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The rapid diagnosis of increased intracranial pressure is urgently needed for therapeutic reasons in neurocritically ill children, however this can rarely be achieved without invasive procedures. Point-of-care ultrasound of the optic nerve sheath diameter has been proposed as a non-invasive and reliable means to detect increased intracranial pressure in adults. Accordingly, clinicians may be able to use this technique to initiate early treatment and monitor the effectiveness of treatment in conjunction with other clinical examination and diagnostic modalities. Two meta-analyses and a systematic review have been published on this topic in adults. However, data on the correlation between optic nerve sheath diameter and intracranial pressure in neurocritically ill children are scarce. The aim of this review was to briefly describe what is being measured with point-of-care ultrasound of the optic nerve sheath diameter, summarize the most recent findings from adult literature, and provide an update of current work in children.

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“…TOS fits perfectly in this context because of its great capacity to detect increased ICP (acute ONSD elevation and, if sufficiently extended, ODE) associated with the ability to re-normalize after ICP reduction. This versatility makes TOS particularly suitable also for verifying the effect of treatments and could encourage the reduction of furthermore expensive diagnostic tools like MR and exposure to radiation (CT), if clinical improvement matches favorable ultrasound parameters [6].…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: role of transorbital ultrasound

et al. 2020

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Optic nerve sheath diameter: present and future perspectives for neurologists and critical care physicians

Cited by 86 publications

References 91 publications

Repeatability of ultrasound examination of the optic nerve sheath diameter in the adult cat: comparison between healthy cats and cats suffering from presumed intracranial hypertension

Repeatability of ultrasound examination of the optic nerve sheath diameter in the adult cat: comparison between healthy cats and cats suffering from presumed intracranial hypertension

Point-of-care ultrasound of optic nerve sheath diameter to detect intracranial pressure in neurocritically ill children - A narrative review

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: role of transorbital ultrasound

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