Opt-out policy and its improvements promote COVID-19 vaccinations

Liu, Xin; Zhao, Ning; Li, Shu; Zheng, Rui

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115120

Cited by 10 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…This finding suggests that people’s concerns about the welfare-cutting policy likely come from a lack of understanding, and thus educating people about why the policy is being proposed may promote employees to comprehend and accept the opt-out approach. Liu et al (2022) also demonstrated that a vaccination opt-out education approach was the most acceptable among the five approaches presented. However, in Yan and Yates (2019) , people’s perceived autonomy and freedom of choice for opt-out education were less than those for the opt-in approach in the carbon emission offset policy domain, while opt-out education yielded a comparable level of acceptability to the opt-in approach in the retirement saving domain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Employees’ attitudes towards the policy were also assessed to determine how acceptable the policy they perceived it was. The measure was adapted from Yan and Yates (2019) and Liu et al (2022) , including four items (trust in policymakers, perceived ethicality of the policy, perceived restriction of freedom of choice, and perceived deception and manipulation); a higher score indicated that the given policy is perceived more acceptable. For example, “Please indicate how deceptive and manipulative you think this policy is, ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much).” Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to estimate the internal consistency of the attitude measure ( Tavakol and Dennick, 2011 ).…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the health domain, defaults often affect policy approval, such as organ donation and transplantation ( Johnson and Goldstein, 2003 ; Abadie and Gay, 2006 ; Ahmad et al, 2019 ). Under the opt-out condition, people are more likely to get vaccinated ( Liu et al, 2022 ), accept screening tests for potential diseases ( Bartholomew et al, 2020 ), and choose a healthy diet ( Velema et al, 2018 ). In the organizational context, opt-out approach has also been suggested as an effective intervention to improve employees’ behavior, such as in relation to stand-up working ( Venema et al, 2018 ), pension scheme enrollments ( Thaler and Sunstein, 2008 ; Robertson-Rose, 2021 ), efficiency in energy use ( Brown et al, 2013 ; Egebark and Ekström, 2016 ), and flu vaccination ( Chapman et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is evidence, though, that nudges with transparency do not make people feel more autonomous (Wachner et al, 2020(Wachner et al, , 2021. Liu et al (2022) found that a transparent default even decreased people's perceived freedom to make choices, while opt-out education approach was an effective as well as acceptable intervention to encourage COVID-19 vaccination. Hence, our second aim was to investigate whether improved opt-out approaches (opt-out transparency and opt-out education) could yield a comparable level of effectiveness to the opt-out approach while modifying attitudes towards the welfarecutting policy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of default nudges on promoting approval of welfare cuts: An exploration during COVID-19

2023

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The global COVID-19 pandemic has created significant financial and operational challenges for some businesses. As a result, temporary welfare benefit reduction may be a tough but future-oriented choice for both employers and employees. The present study examined whether default nudges can be used to promote employees’ approval of welfare-cutting policy while avoiding negative attitudes. Two online surveys were conducted during the first pandemic wave in China (February 2020). In the first study (N = 310), the participants were presented with a hypothetical welfare-cutting policy that used either an opt-in approach or an opt-out approach. We aimed to investigate how their approval and attitudes were different between two conditions. The results showed that the employees in the opt-out condition were more likely to accept the welfare-cutting policy than those in the opt-in condition, while participants’ attitudes toward the policy employing opt-out approach were as negative as that employing opt-in approach. Study 2 (N = 1,519) involved a replication of Study 1 with two additional improved opt-out approaches (opt-out education and opt-out transparency). Compared with the opt-in approach and standard opt-out approach, the opt-out education approach both increased policy support and improved attitudes toward the welfare-cutting policy. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of default nudges on promoting approval of welfare cuts: An exploration during COVID-19

2023

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“…Many people refused to take the optimal dosage of the vaccine due to various reasons, including due to fake information related to its safety and long-term effects. Whatever the reason, there are significant consequences when individuals opt out of vaccines [ 15 ]. Outbreaks of COVID-19 are more likely to occur in communities where vaccination rates are low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Model with High- and Low-Risk Susceptible Population Incorporating the Effect of Vaccines

Ibrahim

Humphries²,

Khan³

et al. 2022

Vaccines

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It is a known fact that there are a particular set of people who are at higher risk of getting COVID-19 infection. Typically, these high-risk individuals are recommended to take more preventive measures. The use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and the vaccine are playing a major role in the dynamics of the transmission of COVID-19. We propose a COVID-19 model with high-risk and low-risk susceptible individuals and their respective intervention strategies. We find two equilibrium solutions and we investigate the basic reproduction number. We also carry out the stability analysis of the equilibria. Further, this model is extended by considering the vaccination of some non-vaccinated individuals in the high-risk population. Sensitivity analyses and numerical simulations are carried out. From the results, we are able to obtain disease-free and endemic equilibrium solutions by solving the system of equations in the model and show their global stabilities using the Lyapunov function technique. The results obtained from the sensitivity analysis shows that reducing the hospitals’ imperfect efficacy can have a positive impact on the control of COVID-19. Finally, simulations of the extended model demonstrate that vaccination could adequately control or eliminate COVID-19.

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