“…Examples of pharmacological and imaging agents encapsulated into carrier RBC include diverse enzymes29,30, fluorescent labels30, erythropoietin for sustained stimulation of hemopoietic potential31, hemoglobin cofactor inositol hexaphosphate for enhancing RBC oxygen carrying capacity32,33, anti-thrombotic drugs heparin34 and thrombolytics35, amikacin for anti-parasitic therapy36,37, insulin38, fluoro-AMP25 and methotrexate for cancer chemotherapy35, isotopes for imaging of blood pool using gamma-scintigraphy and MRI39–42, antisense oligonucleotides for gene knock-outs43 and anti-viral interventions44, plasmid DNA for gene therapy45, and, more recently, magnetic nanoparticles46.…”