Opsonic effect of the third complement component (C3) of carp (Cyprinus carpio) on phagocytosis by neutrophils

Matsuyama, Hiroyuki; Yano, Tomoki; Yamakawa, Takeo; Nakao, Minoru

doi:10.1016/s1050-4648(06)80028-8

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Recently, the administration of some polysaccharides was reported to enhance protection of fish against bacterial infection as immunostimulants [12,13]. In mammals, polysaccharides potentiate the non-specific immune responses, such as activation of macrophages, NK cells, Tl xmphocytes and interferon products, and that their activities are associated with the activation of the alternative complement pathway [18][19][20]. Fish given galactomannan without lysozyme had a survival rate of 20% 6 days after the challenge, whereas there were no survivors in the group fed palmitic acid only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of lysozyme‐galactomannan or lysozyme‐palmitic acid conjugates against Edwardsiella tarda infection in carp, Cyprinus carpio L

et al. 1996

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The protective effect of lysozyme-galactomannan or lysozyme-palmitic acid conjugates orally administered to carp, Cyprinus carpio L. was investigated using a virulent strain of Gram-negative EdwardsieUa tarda isolated from an infected fish. Lysozyme-galactomannan conjugate was prepared through controlled Maillard reaction. Lysozyme-palmitic acid conjugate was prepared through base-catalyzed ester exchange using Nhydroxysuccinimide ester of palmitic acid. The conjugates provided substantial protection to carp infected with a Gramnegative bacteria f'Lsh pathogen E. tarda NG 8104. Lytic activities of lysozyme conjugates with galactomannan and palmitic acid were about 80 and 71% of native lysozyme using Micrococcus lysodeikticus as a substrate. Feeding with lysozyme conjugates, for 8 days, significantly enhanced fish protection against E. tarda infection. The survival rate was 30% for lysozyme-galactomannan conjugate treated fish and 20% for lysozyme-palmitic acid conjugate treated fish after 6 days cultivation while all control fish died within 3 days. On the other hand, a recovery rate of 40% after 6 days was observed in the fish group that were fed lysozyme-palmitic acid conjugate 3 and 2 h before and after E. tarda challenge, respectively, and for 6 consecutive days. The results of this work show the possibility of utilizing lysozyme conjugates with galactomannan or palmitic acid as a therapeutic for infection in fish.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of lysozyme‐galactomannan or lysozyme‐palmitic acid conjugates against Edwardsiella tarda infection in carp, Cyprinus carpio L

et al. 1996

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“…Opsonization will enhance uptake as well as killing by the phagocytes and will simulate the actual bacterium-phagocyte interactions, for better understanding of bacterial pathogenesis. Many researchers have proved the role of the C3-dependent complement mechanism present in fish serum for phagocytosis of pathogens by fish macrophages (31,35,40). A similar complement system may be present in gourami serum, enabling phagocytes to recognize E. tarda.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opsonized VirulentEdwardsiella tardaStrains Are Able To Adhere to and Survive and Replicate within Fish Phagocytes but Fail To Stimulate Reactive Oxygen Intermediates

Rao¹,

Lim²,

Leung

2001

Infect Immun

148

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Edwardsiella tarda is responsible for hemorrhagic septicemia (edwardsiellosis) in fish and also causes diseases in higher vertebrates such as birds, reptiles, and mammals, including humans. Interactions of E. tarda with blue gourami phagocytes were studied by light microscopy as well as by adherence, intracellular replication, and superoxide anion assays. Both nonopsonized virulent (PPD130/91 and AL9379) and avirulent (PPD125/87 and PPD76/87) bacteria could adhere to and survive and replicate within phagocytes, while only opsonized virulent strains replicated within the phagocytes. Furthermore, only avirulent E. tarda elicited a higher rate of production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) by phagocytes, indicating that they were unable to avoid and/or resist reactive oxygen radical-based killing by the fish phagocytes. TnphoA transposon mutagenesis was used to construct a library of 200 alkaline phosphatase (PhoA ؉ ) fusion mutants from a total of 182,000 transconjugants derived from E. tarda PPD130/91. Five of these mutants induced more ROI production in phagocytes than the wild-type strain. Two mutants had lower replication ability inside phagocytes and moderately higher 50% lethal dose values than the wild-type strain. Sequence analysis revealed that three of these mutants had insertions at sequences having homology to PhoS, dipeptidase, and a surface polymer ligase of lipid A core proteins of other pathogens. These three independent mutations might have changed the cell surface characteristics of the bacteria, which in turn induced phagocytes to produce increased ROIs. Sequences from two other mutants had no homology to known genes, indicating that they may be novel genes for antiphagocytic killing. The present study showed that there are differences in the interactions of virulent and avirulent E. tarda organisms with fish phagocytes and PhoA ؉ fusion mutants that could be used successfully to identify virulence genes. The information elucidated here would help in the development of suitable strategies to combat the disease caused by E. tarda.

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“…However, as we know that supernatant was partially analyzed, the presence of C3 attach readily to the mannose-rich regions of the complement factor C3 was detected. As the alternative parasite (Buchmann 1998) and fish leucocytes carry C3 complement factors have been shown lethal to C. derreceptors (Johnson & Smith 1984, Saggers & Gould javini (Buchmann 1998), this component could explain 1989, Matsuyama et al 1992, another explanation is the lethal effect of the supernatant. This was stressed possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainbow trout leucocyte activity:influence on the ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus derjavini

Buchmann¹,

Bresciani²

1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus deqavinl from ralnbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was exposed in vltro to macrophages isolated as pentoneal exudate cells or as pronephros cells from the host Cells colonized the parasite especially in the mannose-nch regions in the c e p h a l~c ducts where ciliated structures were abundant Opsonizatlon wlth fresh serum, in contrast to heatinactivated serum, enhanced colonlzat~on also on other body parts The adverse effect of the activated macrophages towards G derjavlnl was assoc~ated with a heat-lab~le component released from these cells to the culture medium Analysis of substances released from the cells showed leactivity for a number of enzymes, complement factor C3, ~nterleukin (11-1) and reactive oxygen metabohtes Chemotaxls assays with pronephnc leucocytes showed chemoattractants in G derlavini and the respiratory burst level of macrophages was slightly elevated due to parasite exposure It is suggested that skln leucocytes contribute to an increased level of complement factors in the trout skln during the host response, whereby a hostlle m~croenvironment for the parasites IS created In addition, the 1L-l production could affect mucous cell secretion and hyperplasia and add to the antiparasitlc actlon of the epithelium Likewise react~ve oxygen metabolites and vanous enzymes are l~k e l y to be involved In the skin response

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Opsonic effect of the third complement component (C3) of carp (Cyprinus carpio) on phagocytosis by neutrophils

Cited by 54 publications

References 25 publications

Protective effect of lysozyme‐galactomannan or lysozyme‐palmitic acid conjugates against Edwardsiella tarda infection in carp, Cyprinus carpio L

Protective effect of lysozyme‐galactomannan or lysozyme‐palmitic acid conjugates against Edwardsiella tarda infection in carp, Cyprinus carpio L

Opsonized VirulentEdwardsiella tardaStrains Are Able To Adhere to and Survive and Replicate within Fish Phagocytes but Fail To Stimulate Reactive Oxygen Intermediates

Rainbow trout leucocyte activity:influence on the ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus derjavini

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