Oppositely Charged Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Membranes with 2D Nanofluidic Channels for Osmotic Energy Harvesting

Abstract

Membrane‐based reverse electrodialysis (RED) is considered as the most promising technique to harvest osmotic energy. However, the traditional membranes are limited by high internal resistance and low efficiency, resulting in undesirable power densities. Herein, we report the combination of oppositely charged Ti3C2Tx MXene membranes (MXMs) with confined 2D nanofluidic channels as high‐performance osmotic power generators. The negatively or positively charged 2D MXene nanochannels exhibit typical surface‐charge‐governed ion transport and show excellent cation or anion selectivity. By mixing the artificial sea water (0.5 m NaCl) and river water (0.01 m NaCl), we obtain a maximum power density of ca. 4.6 Wm−2, higher than most of the state‐of‐the‐art membrane‐based osmotic power generators, and very close to the commercialization benchmark (5 Wm−2). Through connecting ten tandem MXM‐RED stacks, the output voltage can reach up 1.66 V, which can directly power the electronic devices.

Tailoring A Poly(ether sulfone) Bipolar Membrane: Osmotic‐Energy Generator with High Power Density

“…The nomenclature of the bipolar membranes is ZW‐MxNy, where x and y refer to hydrophilic and hydrophobic moiety, respectively. The bipolar membrane fabricated with SC has been reported previously and the resulted asymmetric membrane showed great energy conversion performance . Moreover, it is notable that the PES‐SO 3 H and PES‐OHIm layers originate from the same PES precursor (Figure S2) in this work, which could benefit the bipolar membrane design.…”

“…The bipolar membrane fabricated with SC has been reported previously and the resulted asymmetric membrane showed great energy conversion performance. [30][31][32] Moreover, it is notable that the PES-SO 3 H and PES-OHIm layers originate from the same PES precursor ( Figure S2) in this work, which could benefit the bipolar membrane design. Firstly, compared to the previous works, this design shows the economical aspect similar to the homogeneous membrane.…”

3D Crinkled Alk‐Ti3C2 MXene Based Flexible Piezoresistive Sensors with Ultra‐High Sensitivity and Ultra‐Wide Pressure Range

“…The sensor can be successfully prepared because the poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) solution exhibits positively charged, while the Ti 3 C 2 T x is hydrophilic and negatively charged in solution. [ 48–50 ] According to the principle of electrostatic interaction, the Ti 3 C 2 T x can be well adhered to PDMS films to form a conductive network.…”

Superfast Water Transport Zwitterionic Polymeric Nanofluidic Membrane Reinforced by Metal–Organic Frameworks

“…[ 8b ] Other water nanofluidics include nanoporous graphene, [ 14 ] self‐assembled 2D nanomembranes, [ 15 ] and unimolecular transmembrane artificial channels [ 16 ] Despite the boosted water permeation through these fluidic membranes, the preparation of nanofluidic devices involves complicated nanochemistry such as laborious nanoetching, [ 7b,c ] inefficient exfoliation, [ 6b,17 ] and templating. [ 18 ] In addition, the high‐energy consumption and limited membrane size remain challenges unresolved.…”