Opposite Adaptive Processing of Stimulus Intensity in Two Major Nuclei of the Somatosensory Brainstem

Katz, Yonatan; Lampl, Ilan

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1886-13.2013

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Neuronal response adaptation has been observed at all stages of processing 12 , 14 – 19 . The degree of adaptation depends mainly on the frequency of whisker stimulation 12 , 17 – 19 , its intensity (in terms of its amplitude and velocity) 14 , 15 , and the cortical state 55 , 56 . Consistent with previous studies, we found that for most of the recorded neurons (~90%), the evoked response decreased from the first deflection to a steady-state response level 12 , 17 , 21 , 22 45 , 56 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response dynamics of rat barrel cortex neurons to repeated sensory stimulation

Kheradpezhouh

Adibi

Arabzadeh

2017

Sci Rep

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Neuronal adaptation is a common feature observed at various stages of sensory processing. Here, we quantified the time course of adaptation in rat somatosensory cortex. Under urethane anesthesia, we juxta-cellularly recorded single neurons (n = 147) while applying a series of whisker deflections at various frequencies (2–32 Hz). For ~90% of neurons, the response per unit of time decreased with frequency. The degree of adaptation increased along the train of deflections and was strongest at the highest frequency. However, a subset of neurons showed facilitation producing higher responses to subsequent deflections. The response latency to consecutive deflections increased both for neurons that exhibited adaptation and for those that exhibited response facilitation. Histological reconstruction of neurons (n = 45) did not reveal a systematic relationship between adaptation profiles and cell types. In addition to the periodic stimuli, we applied a temporally irregular train of deflections with a mean frequency of 8 Hz. For 70% of neurons, the response to the irregular stimulus was greater than that of the 8 Hz regular. This increased response to irregular stimulation was positively correlated with the degree of adaptation. Altogether, our findings demonstrate high levels of diversity among cortical neurons, with a proportion of neurons showing facilitation at specific temporal intervals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response dynamics of rat barrel cortex neurons to repeated sensory stimulation

Kheradpezhouh

Adibi

Arabzadeh

2017

Sci Rep

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“…Extracellualr and intracellular recordings from the VPM and unit recordings from the PrV were performed as previously reported (Mohar et al, 2013 , 2015 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrodes were inserted into the exposed brainstem at an angle of 2–7° in relation to the horizontal plane and in parallel to the sagittal plane, starting 2–3 mm lateral to the midline and 1 mm dorsal to the meeting point of the brainstem and cerebellum. PrV units were detected after advancing the electrode 3 mm from the insertion point (Mohar et al, 2013 , 2015 ). Extracellular signals were amplified using a model 3000 amplifier (A-M Systems, Sequim, WA, USA), bandpassed at 0.3–3 kHz and amplified between 1000–10,000 before digitized at 10 kHz using homemade acquisition software in LabView (National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transformation of Adaptation Specificity to Whisker Identity from Brainstem to Thalamus

Jubran

Lampl

2016

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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Stimulus specific adaptation has been studied extensively in different modalities. High specificity implies that deviant stimulus induces a stronger response compared to a common stimulus. The thalamus gates sensory information to the cortex, therefore, the specificity of adaptation in the thalamus must have a great impact on cortical processing of sensory inputs. We studied the specificity of adaptation to whisker identity in the ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus (VPM) in rats using extracellular and intracellular recordings. We found that subsequent to repetitive stimulation that induced strong adaptation, the response to stimulation of the same, or any other responsive whisker was equally adapted, indicating that thalamic adaptation is non-specific. In contrast, adaptation of single units in the upstream brainstem principal trigeminal nucleus (PrV) was significantly more specific. Depolarization of intracellularly recorded VPM cells demonstrated that adaptation is not due to buildup of inhibition. In addition, adaptation increased the probability of observing complete synaptic failures to tactile stimulation. In accordance with short-term synaptic depression models, the evoked synaptic potentials in response to whisker stimulation, subsequent to a response failure, were facilitated. In summary, we show that local short-term synaptic plasticity is involved in the transformation of adaptation in the trigemino-thalamic synapse and that the low specificity of adaptation in the VPM emerges locally rather than cascades from earlier stages. Taken together we suggest that during sustained stimulation, local thalamic mechanisms equally suppress inputs arriving from different whiskers before being gated to the cortex.

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“…One possibility is that the weakening of surround normalization signals by adaptation enhances spatial integration [50]. Another is that pathways with ‘sensitizing’ adaptation effects — due, for instance, to weakened inhibition — allow the system to ‘hedge its bets’ [45,51,100]. Reducing neuronal responsivity may be a good strategy in the face of strong inputs, but it leaves the system vulnerable: if the environment suddenly changes, weak signals will be undetected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving Sensory Adaptation beyond Suppressive Effects in Single Neurons

2014

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How an object is perceived depends on the temporal context in which it is encountered. Sensory signals in the brain also depend on temporal context, a phenomenon often referred to as adaptation. Traditional descriptions of adaptation effects emphasize various forms of response fatigue in single neurons, which grow in strength with exposure to a stimulus. Recent work on vision, and other sensory modalities, has shown that this description has substantial shortcomings. Here we review our emerging understanding of how adaptation alters the balance between excitatory and suppressive signals, how effects depend on adaptation duration, and how adaptation influences representations that are distributed within and across multiple brain structures. This work points to a sophisticated set of mechanisms for adjusting to recent sensory experience, and suggests new avenues for understanding their function.

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Opposite Adaptive Processing of Stimulus Intensity in Two Major Nuclei of the Somatosensory Brainstem

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Response dynamics of rat barrel cortex neurons to repeated sensory stimulation

Response dynamics of rat barrel cortex neurons to repeated sensory stimulation

The Transformation of Adaptation Specificity to Whisker Identity from Brainstem to Thalamus

Moving Sensory Adaptation beyond Suppressive Effects in Single Neurons

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