Opportunity for verbalization does not improve visual change detection performance: A state-trace analysis

Sense, Florian; Morey, Candice C.; Prince, Melissa; Heathcote, Andrew; Morey, Richard D.

doi:10.3758/s13428-016-0741-1

Cited by 34 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Additionally, Smyth and colleagues (2005), using a serial-reconstruction task with unfamiliar faces as visual stimuli, found a clear decrease of performance due to AS. Our finding of a pronounced detrimental effect of AS stands in contrast with the well-established absence of any such effect in the change detection paradigm for testing visual WM (C. C. Morey & Cowan, 2004;Sense, Morey, Prince, Heathcote, & Morey, 2017). The change detection paradigm differs from the present experiment in three important ways: It involves a different kind of test-comparison of a probe to a memory array, rather than reproduction of a memory item; it does not demand memory for serial order; and it involves only a single test.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Serial recall of colors: Two models of memory for serial order applied to continuous visual stimuli

Peteranderl

Oberauer

2017

Mem Cogn

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated the effects of serial position and temporal distinctiveness on serial recall of simple visual stimuli. Participants observed lists of five colors presented at varying, unpredictably ordered interitem intervals, and their task was to reproduce the colors in their order of presentation by selecting colors on a continuous-response scale. To control for the possibility of verbal labeling, articulatory suppression was required in one of two experimental sessions. The predictions were derived through simulation from two computational models of serial recall: SIMPLE represents the class of temporal-distinctiveness models, whereas SOB-CS represents event-based models. According to temporal-distinctiveness models, items that are temporally isolated within a list are recalled more accurately than items that are temporally crowded. In contrast, event-based models assume that the time intervals between items do not affect recall performance per se, although free time following an item can improve memory for that item because of extended time for the encoding. The experimental and the simulated data were fit to an interference measurement model to measure the tendency to confuse items with other items nearby on the list-the locality constraint-in people as well as in the models. The continuous-reproduction performance showed a pronounced primacy effect with no recency, as well as some evidence for transpositions obeying the locality constraint. Though not entirely conclusive, this evidence favors event-based models over a role for temporal distinctiveness. There was also a strong detrimental effect of articulatory suppression, suggesting that verbal codes can be used to support serial-order memory of simple visual stimuli.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Serial recall of colors: Two models of memory for serial order applied to continuous visual stimuli

Peteranderl

Oberauer

2017

Mem Cogn

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The usefulness of such representations may vary depending on how feature memory is probed, and it is unclear whether similar effects would be observed using change detection or other paradigms. For instance, Sense, Morey, Prince, Heathcote, and Morey (2017) observed that verbalization did not improve visual change detection performance in younger adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and feature-binding in visual working memory: The role of verbal rehearsal.

Forsberg¹,

Johnson²,

Logie³

2019

Psychology and Aging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Age-related decline in ability to bind and remember conjunctions of features has been proposed as an explanation for the pronounced decline of visual Working Memory (WM) in healthy aging. However, evidence that older adults exhibit greater visual feature binding deficits than younger adults has been mixed. Binding deficits in older adults are often observed using paradigms with easy-to-label features. Labeling and rehearsing single features may result in apparent binding deficits if older adults rely on comparatively intact verbal memory to compensate for declining visual WM. This strategy would be more useful for single features (e.g., 'red'), than for conjunctions of features (e.g., 'red triangle') which are more cumbersome to rehearse, and thus visual feature-binding paradigms which do not prevent verbal strategies may unintentionally measure verbal load differences. Across three experiments (total N = 150), we investigated the role of verbal rehearsal by manipulating ease of stimulus labeling for visually presented single features and conjunctions of two features. Overall, visual memory for difficult-to-label, non-categorical, visual information appeared especially limited for older adults, likely because it impedes engagement of other systems, such as verbal WM or long-term memory. Therefore, comparing younger-and older-adult task performance may not straightforwardly reveal age-related visual WM decline, but instead reflect applications of different strategies that tap different cognitive mechanisms. We discuss implications for the feature-binding literature, and the wider visual WM literature.

show abstract

“…Vogel, Woodman, & Luck, 2001) or by asking participants to articulate irrelevant words continuously (aka. articulatory suppression) has no impact on performance (Morey & Cowan, 2004, 2005Sense, Morey, Prince, Heathcote, & Morey, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay of language and visual perception in working memory

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

How do perception and language interact to form the representations that guide our thoughts and actions over the short-term? Here, we provide a first examination of this question by investigating the role of verbal labels in a continuous visual working memory (WM) task. Across four experiments, participants retained in memory the continuous color of a set of dots which were presented sequentially (Experiments 1-3) or simultaneously (Experiment 4). At test, they reproduced the colors of all dots using a color wheel. During stimulus presentation participants were required to either label the colors (color labeling) or to repeat "bababa" aloud (articulatory suppression), hence prompting or preventing verbal labeling, respectively. We tested four competing hypotheses of the labeling effect: (1) labeling generates a verbal representation that overshadows the visual representation; (2) labeling yields a verbal representation in addition to the visual one; (3) the labels function as a retrieval cue, adding distinctiveness to items in memory; and (4) labels activate visual categorical representations in long-term memory. Collectively, our experiments show that labeling does not overshadow the visual input; it augments it. Mixture modeling showed that labeling increased the quantity and quality of information in WM. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that labeling activates visual long-term categorical representations which help in reducing the noise in the internal representations of the visual stimuli in WM.

show abstract

Opportunity for verbalization does not improve visual change detection performance: A state-trace analysis

Cited by 34 publications

References 39 publications

Serial recall of colors: Two models of memory for serial order applied to continuous visual stimuli

Serial recall of colors: Two models of memory for serial order applied to continuous visual stimuli

Aging and feature-binding in visual working memory: The role of verbal rehearsal.

The interplay of language and visual perception in working memory

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About