“…Based on CO 2 emissions due to household consumption, Das and Paul (2014) found that population was one of the main causes of increases in household CO 2 emissions in India. Adeoti and Osho (2011) used survey data to analyse the impact of replacing kerosene lamps with PV lighting on CO 2 emissions, and they found that household-based PV lighting has an important impact on reducing CO 2 emissions in Nigeria. In addition, Munksgaard, Pedersen, and Wien (2000) found that private consumption is an important influencing factor of household CO 2 emissions in Denmark.…”