Opportunities of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Advanced Applications

Abstract

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of functional nanostructures with intriguing properties, due to their unprecedented combination of high crystallinity, tunable pore size, large surface area, and unique molecular architecture. The range of properties characterized in COFs has rapidly expanded to include those of interest for numerous applications ranging from energy to environment. Here, a background overview is provided, consisting of a brief introduction of porous materials and the design feature of COFs. Then, recent advancements of COFs as a designer platform for a plethora of applications are emphasized together with discussions about the strategies and principles involved. Finally, challenges remaining for this type material for real applications are outlined.

Facile Fabrication of Redox‐Responsive Covalent Organic Framework Nanocarriers for Efficiently Loading and Delivering Doxorubicin

“…As a class of newly emerged crystalline porous polymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), mainly consisted of light‐weight elements (H, B, C, N, and O) and linked by dynamic covalent bonds (imine, imide, azine, hydrazone, and boronate ester, etc. ), have attracted enormous attention in recent years and exhibited great potential for various applications due to their unique and desirable features, including large surface area, tunable pore geometry, excellent crystallinity, inherent adaptability, and high flexibility in molecular architecture and functional design . Recently, these porous frameworks open up a new avenue for exciting opportunities in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.…”

Covalent Organic Frameworks with Chirality Enriched by Biomolecules for Efficient Chiral Separation

“…Emerging as an ew class of crystalline solid-state materials,COFs feature high surface area, low mass density,tunable pore size,high stability,and easily tailored functionality, [12][13][14] which means they hold promise for applications in many fields such as gas storage, [15] photoelectricity, [16] catalysis, [17][18][19] environmental remediation, [20] drug delivery, [21] and functional devices. [22] Thedevelopment of COFs for chiral separation is still in the infancy stage, [23][24][25] primarily relying on the construction of chiral COFs based on chiral monomers.O n the basis of our recent success in immobilizing enzymes into COFs, [26] in this work we present an alternative strategy to introduce chirality into COFs by covalently anchoring aseries of biomolecules,such as amino acids,peptides,and enzymes, onto the channel walls of achiral COFs to form biomolecu-les&COFs (Scheme 1).…”

Recent Advances in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Catalysis

“…Moreover,a sacrystalline porousm aterialc atalyst, the covalent frameworkm ay be coordinated with as eries of metal ions, functional groups and even ionic liquids, et.al. [46,47] In generally,t he imine-linked COFs, in which C=Nb ond is polarized to yield partially positively charged carbon and negatively charged nitrogen, are reported to possessc omparable crystallinity and insensitive to water,a cidic or basic conditions. [39][40][41][42] According to the structuralp roperties of the buildingb lock,the majority of the COFs synthesized to date are generally categorized into three classes,n amely,b oron-containing COFs, nitrogen-containing COFs and silicon containing COFs.…”