Opportunities for second language learning in online search sequences during a computer-mediated tutoring session

Interactional practices to manage epistemic stances in online searches during a computer-mediated conversation-for-learning

“…Data for this single-case study were obtained from one naturallyoccurring video-recorded Skype session between two participants from Brazil: Clara (pseudonym), a tutor located in the United States, and João (pseudonym), a tutee located in Brazil (see also Nguyen et al, 2022). 1 We were interested in understanding computer-mediated language learning and teaching taking place naturally; therefore, we did not attempt to make any alterations as to the manner the lessons were structured or how technology was utilised.…”

“…CA was then carried out to understand the participants' actions, with attention to micro-details of talk from the participants' perspectives (Have, 2007;Schegloff, 2007). CA has been shown to be a fruitful approach to analyse text-andvoice interaction (e.g., Balaman & Pekarek Dohler, 2021;Balaman & Sert, 2017a, 2017bNguyen, 2017;Nguyen et al, 2022;Pekarek Dohler & Balaman, 2021) as it enables the examination of sequential organisation of talk in integrated modes. Our 'unmotivated looking' (Sacks, 1984) of the online search sequences revealed that knowledge stances seemed to be a relevant matter for the participants throughout the development of the searches.…”

“…In this study, we focus on participants' interactional practices during collaborative online searches in text-and-voice computermediated communication (CMC) (e.g., Nguyen, 2017;Nguyen et al, 2022). Collaborative online searches-web searches that involve two or more parties (versus independent searches by only one party)-can be occasioned by questions that invoke a 'searchable object ' (e.g., songs, videos, webpages) or by a 'state of confusion' in which participants express divergent understandings and selfdoubt (Brown et al, 2015;Çolak & Balaman, 2022).…”

“…Online searches-the activity of finding information on the Internet-have become ubiquitous in everyday conversations and language learning in many settings. Online searches often emerge when participants look up words, images, or songs online in order to achieve intersubjectivity (e.g., Çolak & Balaman, 2022;Greer, 2016;Musk, 2022;Nguyen, 2017;Nguyen et al, 2022). Since the search activity is essentially a socially shared quest for knowledge in an accountable and mutually understandable way, online searches are a prime site for the observation of epistemic stance management.…”

Multimodal Resolution of Overlapping Talk in Video-Mediated L2 Instruction

“…In the context of L2 instruction, the rather small body of micro-analytic studies on tutoring has explored, for example, the use of hand gestures to achieve intersubjectivity (Belhiah 2013), the sequential organization of openings and closings (Belhiah 2009), and how advice is negotiated and resisted (Leyland 2018;Park 2017;Waring 2005). And specifically on online L2 tutoring, an instructional set-up that has grown exponentially as a result of technological advances (Hamid et al 2018) maximized by the limitations on co-present encounters imposed by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, Nguyen et al (2022) investigated online search sequences in dyadic Skype interactions between an adult tutee and his L2 tutor. Their paper shows how the word 'corkscrew' becomes a teachable and learnable (Eskildsen and Majlesi 2018) due to participants' impossibility of using the medium's screen-sharing feature.…”