Opportunities for managing solid waste flows in the periurban interface of                 Bamako and Ouagadougou

Eaton, Derek; Hilhorst, Dorothea

doi:10.1177/095624780301500110

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…As mentioned earlier, urban agriculture includes various production systems among which cropping activities are more common than livestock activities (Zezza and Tasciotti, 2010), and horticulture generally represents the major component. For instance, this system is considered as a typical feature of many West African cities and has been described for Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso (Centrès 1996;Freidberg 1997;Eaton and Hilhorst 2003;Dossa et al 2011); for Cotonou, Benin (Brock and Foeken, 2006); for Lagos, Kano and Port-Harcourt, Nigeria (Ezedinma and Chukuezi 1999;Dossa et al 2011); for Niamey, Niger (Graefe et al 2008); for Bamako e Sikasso, Mali (Centrès 1996;Eaton and Hilhorst 2003;Dossa et al 2011); and for Accra, Ghana (Etuah-Jackson et al 2001), where it has been identified as the dominant system (Danso et al 2002) (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Urban Horticulturementioning

confidence: 99%

Urban agriculture in the developing world: a review

Orsini

Kahane

Nono-Womdim³

et al. 2013

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

549

317

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The year 2007 marked a critical event in the world history. For the first time, more than half of the world population now lives in cities. In many developing countries, the urbanization process goes along with increasing urban poverty and polluted environment, growing food insecurity and malnutrition, especially for children, pregnant and lactating women; and increasing unemployment. Urban agriculture represents an opportunity for improving food supply, health conditions, local economy, social integration, and environmental sustainability altogether. Urban agriculture is present throughout the world in a diversity of farming systems. Urban dwellers ranging 25-30 % are involved worldwide in the agro-food sector. Urban agriculture will gain in recognition for its benefits and services because urban population and rural-urban migration are increasing. The actual scarcity of knowledge on urban agriculture has somehow hindered the relevance of this activity. Here, we review the social, cultural, technical, economic, environmental, and political factors affecting urban agriculture with examples taken in East Asia, South America, or East Africa. We discuss the definition, benefits, and limitations of urban agriculture. Food security benefit of urban agriculture is evidenced by 100-200 million urban farmers worldwide providing the city markets with fresh horticultural goods. Urban agriculture favors social improvement since the poors spend up to 85 % of their income in food purchase and most urban farmers belong to poorest populations. Sociologically urban farming favors both social inclusion and reduction of gender inequalities, as 65 % of urban farmers are women. Urban agriculture has ecological benefits by reducing the city waste, improving urban biodiversity and air quality, and overall reducing the environmental impact related to both food transport and storage. The production of horticultural goods shows the main benefits of urban agriculture. Fruit and vegetable crops give high yields, up to 50 kg m −2 year −1 , a more efficient use of agricultural inputs, high added value, and rapidly perishable products that can easily substitute the rural production in the local market. Urban horticulture is the most competitive branch of urban farming due to the high cost of urban land and with the need of high water-and fertilizer-use efficiency. Traditional urban horticulture systems are classified in four types: allotment and family gardens, simplified extensive systems, shifting cultivation, and intensive systems. We describe also innovative systems including organoponics and simplified soilless cultures.

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Section: Urban Horticulturementioning

confidence: 99%

Urban agriculture in the developing world: a review

Orsini

Kahane

Nono-Womdim³

et al. 2013

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

549

317

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“…However, whether a net improvement in crop production is actually achieved depends on how the organic waste would otherwise have been used and the impact of reducing these uses on the soil and crops. In many parts of SSA, there is no tradition for using organic wastes in crop production [42], and this could be a major constraint to improving yields, but in many other areas, there is a long history of farmers applying organic wastes to their fields, with documented evidence for example in Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso [43], Bamako in Mali [43] and Kano in Nigeria [44] and manure production being given by smallholder farmers in some regions as being a major reason for keeping cattle [45]. Waste management practices differ between rural and urban areas, with a large fraction of the rural waste being scavenged and recycled, whereas the waste often presents a problem of disposal in urban areas [8].…”

Section: Different Uses Of Organic Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waste management practices differ between rural and urban areas, with a large fraction of the rural waste being scavenged and recycled, whereas the waste often presents a problem of disposal in urban areas [8]. Export of wastes to rural areas could provide a solution to waste disposal, while returning nutrients back to the areas used to grow crops [43].…”

Section: Different Uses Of Organic Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the potential for biogas digesters to improve soil fertility and crop production in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Smith

Abegaz

Matthews

et al. 2014

Biomass and Bioenergy

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Three alternative soil amendments of organic wastes are considered: application of untreated animal manures, bioslurry from biogas digestion, composted materials, and biochar produced by pyrolysis cook-stoves. Application of untreated manures provides high input of available nutrients, which results in an initial flush in crop growth. However, risks of losing nutrients are high because manure is usually applied before sowing to avoid reduced yields due to phytotoxicity, resulting in increased losses by leaching or volatilization. Furthermore, the heterogeneous nature of untreated manures results in immobilization of nutrients by carbon-rich materials. A greater amount of nutrients are potentially available to crops from applied bioslurry. Typically 5-10% of the nitrogen is lost during anaerobic digestion, but bioslurry provides immediately available nutrients that can be applied as needed, so reducing risks of nutrient loss. If, however, bioslurry was applied in a single dose, losses would be similar in magnitude to untreated manures. Risks of nutrient losses are also lower when wastes are applied as composts, but in contrast to bioslurry, this is because the concentration of immediately available nutrients is very low, most nutrients being held in organic form that will become available only slowly over the growing season. Composts provide an option for single dose application, but a larger proportion of nitrogen is lost during composting (26-51%) than during anaerobic digestion (5-10%). Losses of nitrogen during pyrolysis are also very high (70-90%), but biochar can reduce losses of native soil nutrients by providing exchange sites that hold nutrients in the soil.

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“…1999;Pascual et al, 1999). In Burkina Faso, the supply of raw waste material on soils remains a usual practice as it was efficient particularly for cereal production according to farmers (Eaton and Hilhorst, 2003). The waste material could be, at the same time, a cheap supply of nutrients for farming and an alleviation of the waste disposal problem in this country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and microbial properties of farmer’s field soils fertilized with municipal solid wastes without pretreatment in the peri-urban zone of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Hein¹,

Kabore²,

Bilgo³

et al. 2011

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences

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Peri-urban agriculture can contribute to food security and nutrition in developing countries. However, due to rising mineral fertilizer prices, farmers in these countries such as Burkina Faso are supplying the required nutrients to their fields by adding municipal solid waste (MSW). This uncontrolled use of waste matter that is not treated could pose several risks on soil quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on chemical and microbial soil properties of this nasty, but current practice. The study investigated the chemical and microbial characteristic of soils receiving different quantity of waste for several years (20, 10 and 7 years). Soils were sampled around the city of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Soil chemical (C, N, P and pH) and microbial (basal respiration, microbial biomass and microbial diversity) characteristics were assessed. A comparison between unamended soils and the amended ones revealed that the MSW increased soil C, N and P content up to 2 fold. The increase was higher in the 20 years old field that received MSW. The microbial biomass evaluated by the substrate induced respiration method was significantly higher in soils fertilized with MSW, while the microbial activity determined by 21-day soil respiration was not significantly different between treatments. The catabolic diversity was not significantly different. These results suggested that the accumulated organic matter in supplied MSW soils would present particular properties notably a slight biodegradability. This study showed that while the chemical characteristic was related to different quantity of MSW, through different years applied, the microbial activities were not significantly modified. The informal quantity and quality added were discussed.

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Opportunities for managing solid waste flows in the periurban interface of Bamako and Ouagadougou

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Urban agriculture in the developing world: a review

Urban agriculture in the developing world: a review

What is the potential for biogas digesters to improve soil fertility and crop production in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Chemical and microbial properties of farmer’s field soils fertilized with municipal solid wastes without pretreatment in the peri-urban zone of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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