Opportunities and risks of disaster data from social media: a systematic review of incident information

Wiegmann, Matti; Kersten, Jens; Senaratne, Hansi; Potthast, Martin; Klan, Friederike; Stein, Benno

doi:10.5194/nhess-21-1431-2021

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the review identified the lack of combination of different methods as one of the key limitations of the research field. Stock (2018) provided another systematic review but focused on mining location information, whilst others have focused on more specific areas of the field (Wiegmann et al, 2021; Wilkins et al, 2021). Yan et al (2020) identified Twitter as a major source of VGI, and disaster and crisis management were among the topics highlighted as the most common application field.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a study of everyday geographic information: Bringing the everyday into view

De Sabbata,

Bennett,

Gardner

2023

Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science

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Events are the driving force behind social media, whether we try to create them or keep up with them. A wide range of studies has focused on how content from social media can be used to detect, model and predict events and identify key topics of discussion. At the same time, very limited attention has been given so far to the quantitative study of the everyday, which has fascinated qualitative human geography research in the past few decades. That is partly due to the lack of a formal definition of what constitutes the everyday. In this paper, we aim to advance our understanding of the everyday, not by reducing it to any kind of definition but by bringing it into view through a quantitative analysis. We hypothesise that the by-products of current methods focused on event detection might be used to quantitatively explore everyday geographies as represented through Twitter data. We consider the use of both statistical approaches based on term frequency and state-of-the-art large language models, and we conduct a case study on content posted on Twitter and geolocated in the city of Leicester. Our paper makes two key advances for research concerned with the everyday and the analysis of geographic information. First, we illustrate how large language models combined with spatial analysis and visualisation can foster the study of everyday geographies, providing an insight into the still elusive concept of the everyday, representing what other approaches to the everyday have struggled to qualify. Secondly, we showcase the potential held by large language models and visual analytics in democratising sophisticated natural language processing and thus providing new tools for research in human geography.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a study of everyday geographic information: Bringing the everyday into view

De Sabbata,

Bennett,

Gardner

2023

Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science

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“…A disaster is a dangerous event; it is not known exactly when it will occur, and it may be caused by nature or by humans [1]. Natural hazards, which cannot be predicted in advance, cause significant damage to human life, property, the environment, and agricultural products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compulsory Earthquake Insurance and Insurance Subsidy in Turkey

Yalaz

2023

Preprint

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As in other parts of the world, natural disasters are increasingly causing significant loss of life and economic damage in Turkey. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, storms, fires, and hailstorms have been occurring since ancient times, but now they are being compounded by factors such as climate change and the deterioration of natural environments. This has led to an increase in the frequency and severity of natural disasters and the resulting damage. It is important to finance the economic consequences of natural disasters that threaten individuals, commercial enterprises, and the country's administration. The frequency of the public's exposure to natural disasters, insurance awareness, the financial size of the disasters, the risk management policies of insurance companies, and the competence and willingness of the state and local governments to cover the damage are decisive factors. Prior to the increase in natural disasters, the country's administration was active and involved in first aid, rescue, and damage financing. However, it now has difficulty in financing the damage caused by natural disasters to individual, commercial, industrial, and agricultural assets and does not want to provide full assurance. This is because the dangers awaiting humanity in the future cannot be fully predicted. Private insurance companies undertake the task of taking over and distributing the risk in financing natural disaster losses and ensuring sustainability. Although this is a modern and rational solution, the problem is the insufficient number of insurance policies and insufficient premium production in countries where insurance awareness is not sufficiently developed. To increase premium production and geographical distribution of the risk, the state includes natural disaster insurances within the scope of compulsory insurances and mandates pre-disaster insurance policies. Following the earthquake disaster in the Marmara Region on 17.08.1999, compulsory insurance against earthquakes was introduced in Turkey with the Decree Law No. 587, which entered into force on 27.09.2000. This eliminated the obligation of the state to pay earthquake-related payments for the buildings determined by Turkish Natural Catastrophe Insurance Pool (TNCIP). Citizens have obtained modern, reliable, and regular insurance protection against earthquake damage. Naturally, the success or failure of Compulsory Earthquake Insurance (CEI) and Turkish Natural Catastrophe Insurance Pool (TNCIP) can be questioned after a major disaster. Since TNCIP is a new institution and other countries have not yet adopted it as an example, precedent institutions and past data cannot be included in the literature.

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“…A disaster is a dangerous event; it is not known exactly when it will occur, and it may be caused by nature or by humans [1]. Disasters can pose a risk of economic loss in the form of the loss of livelihoods and/or damage to infrastructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insurance as an Alternative for Sustainable Economic Recovery after Natural Disasters: A Systematic Literature Review

2022

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The risk of natural disasters has increased over the last few decades, leading to significant economic losses across the globe. In response, research related to the risk of economic loss due to natural disasters has continued to develop. At present, insurance remains the best solution for funding such losses. The purpose of this study is to analyse the development of insurance as an alternative for sustainable economic recovery after natural disasters. The data used are articles obtained from several sources indexed by Scopus and Google Scholar. The search resulted in a final database of 266 articles, culled from a total of 813 articles before the final selection was made. The articles used are publications from 2000–2021 (including 21 database periods), to which we applied a systematic literature review method. Identification and evaluation of the articles was carried out through visualization of their content, development of disaster risk insurance, and availability of disaster risk insurance by country and type. The identification results show that the relationship between the word “insurance”, according to visualization using the VOSviewer software, has a relationship with other clusters including the words “disaster”, “disaster insurance”, “risk”, “natural disaster”, “study”, “recovery”, and “disaster risk financing”. The 266 articles studied show that there was an annual increase in the number of published scientific papers over the period 2000–2021. The types of disaster risk insurance, based on a review of the articles, include agricultural insurance, flood insurance, property insurance, earthquake insurance, crop insurance, and natural disaster insurance. In addition, of the six types of disaster risk insurance, three have been discussed the most in the last five years, namely, agricultural, flood, and property insurance. The increase in the number of scientific publications discussing these three types of disaster risk insurance has been influenced by climate change. Climate change causes a significant increase in the potential for disasters and is accompanied by an increased risk of loss. This review is expected to provide information and motivation for researchers related to the development and importance of disaster risk insurance research. Research in the risk sector for disaster losses due to climate change should be continued in the future in order to help fund economic recovery, especially throughout the insurance sector. With continuous research on disaster risk insurance, it is hoped that the resulting information can be more effective in determining insurance risk and in helping local economies and communities recover after the advent of a disaster. With the availability of funds for post-disaster recovery, the regional economy affected by the disaster can be immediately restored and recovered from adversity.

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Opportunities and risks of disaster data from social media: a systematic review of incident information

Cited by 12 publications

References 56 publications

Towards a study of everyday geographic information: Bringing the everyday into view

Towards a study of everyday geographic information: Bringing the everyday into view

Compulsory Earthquake Insurance and Insurance Subsidy in Turkey

Insurance as an Alternative for Sustainable Economic Recovery after Natural Disasters: A Systematic Literature Review

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