Opportunities and Challenges in Deep Mining: A Brief Review

Ranjith, P.G.; Zhao, Jian; Ju, Minghe; Silva, V.R.S. De; Rathnaweera, T.D.; Bandara, Adheesha K.M.S.

doi:10.1016/j.eng.2017.04.024

Cited by 273 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Nowadays, with the rapid growth of the world population and the fast development of society and economy, energy consumption is dramatically increasing year by year [1][2][3]. The great demands for petroleum, coal, and natural gas are remarkably stimulating the development of efficient exploitation and deep-hole drilling for energy resources, as the shallow ones are being depleted gradually [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of the Downstream Contraction Ratio of Organ-Pipe Nozzle on the Pressure Oscillations of Self-Resonating Waterjets

et al. 2018

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Self-resonating waterjets (SRWJs) are being widely used in the fields of energy exploitation, due to the significantly increased penetration rate of roller bits in deep-hole drilling. To further improve the impact and erosion abilities of SRWJs, the effects of the downstream contraction ratio of organ-pipe nozzle on the axial pressure oscillations were experimentally studied. The axial pressure oscillation peak and amplitude were used to evaluate the effects under two inlet pressures and various standoff distances. The results show that the downstream contraction ratio can affect the development trends of the pressure oscillations and determines the values of the peaks and amplitudes. Under the experimental conditions, 2.5 is the ratio that leads to the maximum peaks and amplitudes at almost all the testing standoff distances, while the ratio of 2 always results in the minimum ones. The development trend of the pressure oscillation peak for the ratio of 3.5 has a great change at an inlet pressure of 20 MPa. Generally, the relative pressure oscillations are more violent at an inlet pressure of 10 MPa, which is regardless of the contraction ratio. This study helps provide a guideline for determining the physical parameters required in the fabrication of organ-pipe nozzles used for deep-hole drilling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of the Downstream Contraction Ratio of Organ-Pipe Nozzle on the Pressure Oscillations of Self-Resonating Waterjets

et al. 2018

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“…As resources in the shallow depths of the earth become exhausted, people will spend extended periods of time living and/or working in the deep underground space, reaching historical depths [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, deep mining is common, with exploitation of metal resources continuing to more than 4000 m deep in a gold mine in South Africa [2]. However, little is known about the environmental factors that might affect the health of humans or other organisms that live or work in the underground space, especially deep underground [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics provides insights into the inhibition of Chinese hamster V79 cell proliferation in the deep underground environment

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: To characterize the environment of deep underground laboratory (DUGL) with a rock cover of 1470m and observe the effect of the DUGL environment on the growth and metabolism of Chinese hamster V79 cells. Results: Six environmental parameters in the DUGL and an above ground laboratory (AGL; control) were monitored. Compared to the AGL, O2 concentration was not significantly different, total γ ray dose rate was significantly lower (p=0.005), and relative humidity (p<0.001), air pressure (p<0.001), and concentration of CO2 and radon gas (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the DUGL. The growth curves of cultured V79 cells showed cell proliferation was slower in the DUGL. Tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics analysis was performed to identify differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in V79 cells cultured in the DUGL and AGL. Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) was conducted to verify TMT results. TMT detected 980 DAPs, defined as proteins with a ≥1.2-absolute fold change in relative abundance (p <0.05) between V79 cells cultured in the DUGL and AGL. Of these, 576 proteins were up-regulated and 404 proteins were down-regulated in V79 cells cultured in the DUGL. GO term enrichment analysis of up-regulated proteins revealed enrichment of proteins involved in translation, ribosome, proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, oxygen binding, and oxygen transporter activity et al. GO term enrichment analysis of downregulated proteins demonstrated enrichment of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum lumenand respiratory chain. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that ribosome (p<0.001), base excision repair (p<0.001), RNA transport (p=0.009), Huntington's disease (p=0.023), and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPPL) (p=0.035) pathways were significantly enriched. Conclusion: Proliferation of V79 cells was inhibited in the DUGL, likely because cells were exposed to reduced cosmic ray muons flux. There were apparent changes in the proteome profile of the V79 cells cultured in the DUGL, which affected proteins related to the ribosome, RNA transport, translation, energy metabolism, and DNA repair.These proteins may have induced cellular changes that delayed proliferation but enhanced survival, making the V79 cells adaptable to the changing environment. Our findings provide insight into the cellular stress response that is triggered in the absence of normal levels of radiation.

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“…Additionally, it significantly negatively influences the surface railway and road traffic, building safety, and environmental quality (Ghabraie et al 2017;Wright et al 2015). Moreover, traditional coal mining methods are highly likely to cause hazardous mining accidents (Chen et al 2012;Ranjith et al 2017). Safety during coal production significantly affects the health of the society and sustainable development of the economy (Zhang et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluidized mining and in-situ transformation of deep underground coal resources: a novel approach to ensuring safe, environmentally friendly, low-carbon, and clean utilisation

Zhu

Xie

et al. 2019

Int J Coal Sci Technol

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Traditional coal mining and utilisation patterns are severely detrimental to natural resources and environments and significantly impede safe, low-carbon, clean, and sustainable utilisation of coal resources. Based on the idea of in situ fluidized coal mining that aims to transform solid coal into liquid or gas and transports the fluidized resources to the ground to ensure safe mining and low-carbon and clean utilisation, in this study, we report on a novel in situ unmanned automatic mining method. This includes a flexible, earthworm-like unmanned automatic mining machine (UAMM) and a coal mine layout for in situ fluidized coal mining suitable for the UAMM. The technological and economic advantages and the carbon emission reduction of the UAMM-based in situ fluidized mining in contrast to traditional mining technologies are evaluated as well. The development trends and possible challenges to this design are also discussed. It is estimated that the proposed method costs approximately 49% of traditional coal mining costs. The UAMM-based in situ fluidized mining and transformation method will reduce CO 2 emissions by at least 94.9% compared to traditional coal mining and utilisation methods. The proposed approach is expected to achieve safe and environmentally friendly coal mining as well as lowcarbon and clean utilisation of coal. Keywords In-situ fluidized mining Á Unmanned automatic mining machine Á Mine layout Á Coal resources Á Low-carbon Á Environmental protection Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Opportunities and Challenges in Deep Mining: A Brief Review

Cited by 273 publications

References 12 publications

The Effects of the Downstream Contraction Ratio of Organ-Pipe Nozzle on the Pressure Oscillations of Self-Resonating Waterjets

The Effects of the Downstream Contraction Ratio of Organ-Pipe Nozzle on the Pressure Oscillations of Self-Resonating Waterjets

Proteomics provides insights into the inhibition of Chinese hamster V79 cell proliferation in the deep underground environment

Fluidized mining and in-situ transformation of deep underground coal resources: a novel approach to ensuring safe, environmentally friendly, low-carbon, and clean utilisation

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