Opportunities and challenges for fish culture in Brazilian reservoirs: a review

Abstract

Aim Aquaculture plays an important role in the world and in Brazil. Artificial construction of water bodies, such as ponds and reservoirs, has allowed for fish culture in cages in those environments, generating conflicts over the use of these public waters. The producers are seeking to increase production, and the ecosystem is susceptible to the impacts caused by production activity. The aim of this review was to identify questions about these conflicts (productivity × environment) and to indicate possible solutions to the main problems related to fish farming in reservoirs. Methods A bibliographical survey was carried out on the main aspects of cage fish farming in Brazilian reservoirs. Studies from 1977 to 2018 (scientific journals, books, and thesis) were revised using seven databases, the CAPES periodicals portal and Google Scholar websites. The main keywords used were “aquaculture”, “reservoir”, “cage”, “eutrophication”, “carrying capacity”, “impacts”, “oligotrophic”, “escapes”, “hybrids”, and “pollution”. Results We accessed approximately 330 and cited 151 documents. Conclusions The negative aspects associated with cage fish farming, as escapes of cultivated fish, and the possible solutions of this and others negative impacts were addressed, identifying mechanisms for reducing conflicts between environmental impacts and aquaculture production. Potential solutions include the use of native fish species or sterile species, implementation of monitoring systems of the surrounding area, adoption of measures to reduce the accidental escape of fish, use of multitrophic culture systems, use of highly digestible diets with appropriate food management, and use of computer programs that incorporate current and historical environmental data to calculate carrying capacity and choose the most appropriate location for production.

Exposure of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings to a Saxitoxin‐Producing Strain of Raphidiopsis (Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii (Cyanobacterium) Reduces Growth Performance and Increases Mortality Rate

“…Among the species reported in these studies, Raphidiopsis raciborskii stands out because of the expansion of its geographic distribution and potential toxicity (Padisák 1997;Ferrão-Filho 2009). This species is frequently dominant in eutrophic environments with high turbidity (Figueredo and Giani 2001;Berger et al 2006;Antunes et al 2015), as reported in some reservoirs where fish production is performed in net tanks (Borges et al 2010;Moura et al 2012;Matta et al 2016;Zaniboni-Filho et al 2018).…”

Aspectos Econômico Da Piscicultura Na Amazônia Brasileira

“…Na determinação da exigência de aminoácidos esta definição da proteína ideal viabiliza a suplementação nutricional de aminoácidos na forma cristalina em níveis adequados. A adequação tende a maximizar o uso da proteína e a reduzir seu percentual sem comprometer os parâmetros produtivos, o que diminui a excreção de nitrogenados e contribui para a sustentabilidade do meio (Bureau & Encarnação, 2006;Botaro et al, 2007;Zaniboni et al, 2018).…”

Experimental co‐infection by Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas jandaei in pirarucu Arapaima gigas (Pisces: Arapaimidae)

“…Globally, bacterial infections represent a great threat to fish production due to the high economic losses that they cause to the fish‐farming industry (Assefa & Abunna, 2018; Bentzon‐Tilia et al., 2016; Figueras‐Salvat & Ashbolt, 2019; Wamala et al., 2018). This threat is also seen in relation to farmed fish in Brazil, such as A. gigas (Proietti‐Junior et al., 2017; Tavares‐Dias & Martins, 2017; Zaniboni‐Filho et al., 2018).…”