Opportunities and challenges associated with using municipal waste incineration ash as a raw ingredient in cement production – a review

Clavier, Kyle A.; Paris, Jerry M.; Ferraro, Christopher C.; Townsend, Timothy G.

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104888

Cited by 91 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Incineration is expected to reduce the volume of MSWs by 90% [15]. The leftovers are transformed into two types of residues: fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) [16]. FA is usually excluded from the recycling application for its inclusion of hazardous elements [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Cementitious Materials Including Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSWI-BA) as Aggregates

et al. 2021

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Waste management is a vital environmental issue in the world today. Municipal solid wastes (MSWs) are discarded in huge quantities on a daily basis and need to be well controlled. Incineration is a common method for reducing the volume of these wastes, yet it produces ashes that require further assessment. Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI-BA) is the bulk byproduct of the incineration process and has the potential to be used in the construction sector. This paper offers a review of the use of MSWI-BA as aggregates in cementitious materials. With the growing demand of aggregates in cementitious materials, MSWI-BA is considered for use as a partial or full alternative. Although the physical and chemical properties of MSWI-BA are different than those of natural aggregates (NA) in terms of water absorption, density, and fineness, they can be treated by various methods to ensure suitable quality for construction purposes. These treatment methods are classified into thermal treatment, solidification and stabilization, and separation processes, where this review focuses on the techniques that reduce deficiencies limiting the use of MSWI-BA as aggregates in different ways. When replacing NA in cementitious materials, MSWI-BA causes a decrease in workability, density, and strength. Moreover, they cause an increase in water absorption, air porosity, and drying shrinkage. In general, the practicality of using MSWI-BA in cementitious materials is mainly influenced by its treatment method and the replacement level, and it is concluded that further research, especially on durability, is required before MSWI-BA can be efficiently used in the production of sustainable cementitious materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Cementitious Materials Including Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSWI-BA) as Aggregates

et al. 2021

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“…Revisiting Table 1, the vapourization of Pb in the four vitrified ashes was between 51% and 92%, resulting in slags with total Pb concentrations of 392, 301, 544 and 92 mg kg −1 for A, B, C and D, respectively. Several studies report greater than 99% volatilization of Pb from wastes during high temperature (greater than 1100°C) treatments of wastes (Clavier et al, 2020; Jakob et al, 1995; Katou et al, 2001; Kuo et al, 2010) and others report moderate (75–80%) volatility in the plasma vitrification of MSWI ashes (Ecke et al, 2001; Haugsten and Gustavson, 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of trace element mobility from MSWI ash before and after plasma vitrification

et al. 2021

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A common perception of plasma arc treatment systems for municipal solid waste incineration ash is that the resulting vitrified slag is inert from an environmental perspective. Research was conducted to examine this hypothesis and to assess whether reduced pollutant release results from pollutant depletion during the process of the ash with plasma, or encapsulation in the glassy vitrified matrix. The concentrations of four discrete municipal solid waste incineration ash samples before and after plasma arc vitrification in a bench-scale unit were compared. Slag and untreated ash samples were leached using several standardized approaches and mobility among the four metals of interest (e.g. As, Cd, Pb and Sb) varied across samples, but was generally high (as high as 100% for Cd). Comparison across methods did not indicate substantial encapsulation in the vitrified slag, which suggests that reduced pollutant release from plasma arc vitrified slag is due to pollutant depletion by volatilization, not encapsulation. This has significant implications for the management of air pollution control residues from waste-to-energy facilities using plasma arc vitrification.

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“…The presence of Cl-rich raw MSWI ash, particularly FA, in cement kilns can cause blockages and corrosion of kilns [144]. Cl content in PC is also restricted by standards (e.g., ACI and ASTM) for the risk of rebar corrosion [145]. Excessive alkalis would cause a porous microstructure of cement matrix, slump loss, and poor strength gain due to the presence of orthorhombic tricalcium aluminate in PC [61,91].…”

Section: Use In Opc Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ash-Incorporated Concrete: One Step towards Environmental Justice

2021

Buildings

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Municipal solid waste and cement manufacture are two sources of environmental justice issues in urban and suburban areas. Waste utilization is an attractive alternative to disposal for eliminating environmental injustice, reducing potential hazards, and improving urban sustainability. The re-use and recycling of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash in the construction industry has drawn significant attention. Incorporating MSWI ash in cement and concrete production is a potential path that mitigates the environmental justice issues in waste management and the construction industry. This paper presents a critical overview of the pretreatment methods that optimize MSWI ash utilization in cement/concrete and the influences of MSWI ash on the performance of cement/concrete. This review aims to elucidate the potential advantages and limitations associated with the use of MSWI ash for producing cement clinker, alternative binder (e.g., alkali-activated material), cement substitutes, and aggregates. A brief overview of the generation and characteristics of MSWI ash is reported, accompanied by identifying opportunities for the use of MSWI ash-incorporated products in industrial-scale applications and recognizing associated environmental justice implications.

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Opportunities and challenges associated with using municipal waste incineration ash as a raw ingredient in cement production – a review

Cited by 91 publications

References 102 publications

A Review on Cementitious Materials Including Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSWI-BA) as Aggregates

A Review on Cementitious Materials Including Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSWI-BA) as Aggregates

Comparison of trace element mobility from MSWI ash before and after plasma vitrification

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ash-Incorporated Concrete: One Step towards Environmental Justice

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