Opportunistic tropical infections in immunosuppressed patients

Kurizky, Patrícia Shu; Neto, Leopoldo Luiz dos Santos; Aires, Rodrigo Barbosa; Mota, Lícia Maria Henrique da; Gomes, Ciro Martins

doi:10.1016/j.berh.2020.101509

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Related to this, constituents of both gut and oral microbiota, such as B. fragilis, different Prevotella strains and C. gingivalis, were confirmed as candidate RA-triggers in this study, being in line with recent literature data that connects RA to the perturbed oral and gut microbiome [49][50][51]. Moreover, given that colonization by opportunistic pathogens assumes pre-existing perturbations in immune system functioning [52][53][54], these conditions might also provide a fruitful substrate for increasing susceptibility to the autoimmune phenomena, through molecular mimicry mechanism. Also, in this study a number of commensal bacteria, previously unrelated to the development of RA, such as A. timonense, B. bacteriovorus, P. puraquae, P. saccharophila, P. shahii, and R. massiliensis, were proposed as possible RA-triggers.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 89%

Mining the capacity of human-associated microorganisms to trigger rheumatoid arthritis—A systematic immunoinformatics analysis of T cell epitopes

et al. 2021

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Autoimmune diseases, often triggered by infection, affect ~5% of the worldwide population. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)–a painful condition characterized by the chronic inflammation of joints—comprises up to 20% of known autoimmune pathologies, with the tendency of increasing prevalence. Molecular mimicry is recognized as the leading mechanism underlying infection-mediated autoimmunity, which assumes sequence similarity between microbial and self-peptides driving the activation of autoreactive lymphocytes. T lymphocytes are leading immune cells in the RA-development. Therefore, deeper understanding of the capacity of microorganisms (both pathogens and commensals) to trigger autoreactive T cells is needed, calling for more systematic approaches. In the present study, we address this problem through a comprehensive immunoinformatics analysis of experimentally determined RA-related T cell epitopes against the proteomes of Bacteria, Fungi, and Viruses, to identify the scope of organisms providing homologous antigenic peptide determinants. By this, initial homology screening was complemented with de novo T cell epitope prediction and another round of homology search, to enable: i) the confirmation of homologous microbial peptides as T cell epitopes based on the predicted binding affinity to RA-related HLA polymorphisms; ii) sequence similarity inference for top de novo T cell epitope predictions to the RA-related autoantigens to reveal the robustness of RA-triggering capacity for identified (micro/myco)organisms. Our study reveals a much larger repertoire of candidate RA-triggering organisms, than previously recognized, providing insights into the underestimated role of Fungi in autoimmunity and the possibility of a more direct involvement of bacterial commensals in RA-pathology. Finally, our study pinpoints Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP as the most potent (most likely mimicked) RA-related autoantigen, opening an avenue for identifying the most potent autoantigens in a variety of different autoimmune pathologies, with possible implications in the design of next-generation therapeutics aiming to induce self-tolerance by affecting highly reactive autoantigens.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 89%

Mining the capacity of human-associated microorganisms to trigger rheumatoid arthritis—A systematic immunoinformatics analysis of T cell epitopes

et al. 2021

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“… 31 Its administration is also recommended for household leprosy contacts as a way to prevent the disease. 32 Some studies show that the BCG vaccine also provides some degree of protection against NTMs. 31 …”

Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-tuberculous cutaneous mycobacterioses

Nogueira

Garcia

Costa

et al. 2021

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

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Non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis, previously known as atypical, anonymous, opportunistic, or unclassified mycobacteriosis, refers to pathogenic mycobacterioses other than those caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae . These mycobacteria are known for their environmental distribution, mainly in water and soil. The incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis has been increasing in all countries and skin infections are being increasingly studied, mainly with the increase in immunosuppressive conditions and the development of new medications that affect immunological function. In the present article, a detailed narrative review of the literature is carried out to study the main non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis that cause diseases of the skin and appendages. The article also aims to present a historical context, followed by epidemiological, microbiological, and clinical characteristics of these diseases. Practical considerations about the diagnosis and treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis are detailed.

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“… 13 In males, no anomalies in seminal fluid three months after initiation of treatment were described in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 14 …”

Section: Metabolism and Pharmacodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azathioprine: its uses in dermatology

Chávez‐Álvarez

Herz‐Ruelas

Villarreal‐Martínez

et al. 2020

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

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This is a narrative review of azathioprine. This medication is immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive, and it has been used widely through different medical specialties to modify disease. It has been proven useful for several dermatoses and it has encountered success when used as an off-label indication for other dermatologic diseases. Its mechanism of action is described thoroughly, as well as precautions for monitoring adequate levels in patients using it. Dermatologists should also be aware of the possible adverse events it may present. In dermatology it can be used in bullous and autoimmune diseases, and in other conditions, including intractable pruritus, atopic dermatitis, photodermatoses, psoriasis, and others. Azathioprine offers an alternative as a steroid-sparing agent and this review helps dermatologists prescribe it safely to all patients who require it.

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Opportunistic tropical infections in immunosuppressed patients

Cited by 18 publications

References 72 publications

Mining the capacity of human-associated microorganisms to trigger rheumatoid arthritis—A systematic immunoinformatics analysis of T cell epitopes

Mining the capacity of human-associated microorganisms to trigger rheumatoid arthritis—A systematic immunoinformatics analysis of T cell epitopes

Non-tuberculous cutaneous mycobacterioses

Azathioprine: its uses in dermatology

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