Opportunistic Parasitic Pulmonary Infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) Infected Patients: With References to Egyptian Parasites

Abstract

Prior to the era of potent antiretroviral therapy, parasitic pulmonary infections were more commonly seen than they are today. However, the clinician needs to be aware of the presenting symptoms and signs of these uncommon infections, which may still occur in the immuno-suppressed patient with untreated or drug-resistant HIV infection. The commonest pulmonary parasites are protozoa (toxoplasmosis, amebiasis, cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis) and helminthes (paragonimiasis, hydatidosis ancylostomiasis, stronyloidiasis and toxocariasis). It is important to consider parasitic infections in the differential diagnosis of such lung diseases. If parasites are identified early, most parasitosis affect lung is curable with medical or surgical treatments.

Animals to Human Transmission of Intestinal Diseases: A Review of the Mechanism and Factors Involved

“…The gametogony stage follows, and two types of oocytes are formed: thin-walled and thick-walled oocytes. The former ruptures inside the intestine and causes hyper infection (Abou-Bakr et al 2019), while the thick-walled oocytes are shed in the feces. The protozoa can be found throughout the small and large intestines; however, the ileum is most affected (Del Coco et al 2012).…”