We investigate the role of a relay in multiple access channels (MACs) with bursty user traffic, where intermittent data traffic restricts the users to bursty transmissions. As our main result, we characterize the degrees of freedom (DoF) region of a K-user bursty multi-input multi-output (MIMO) Gaussian MAC with a relay, where Bernoulli random states are introduced to govern bursty user transmissions. To that end, we extend the noisy network coding scheme to achieve the cut-set bound. Our main contribution is in exploring the role of a relay from various perspectives.First, we show that a relay can provide a DoF gain in bursty channels, unlike in conventional non-bursty channels.Interestingly, we find that the relaying gain can scale with additional antennas at the relay to some extent. Moreover, observing that a relay can help achieve collision-free performances, we establish the necessary and sufficient condition for attaining collision-free DoF. Lastly, we consider scenarios in which some physical perturbation shared around the users may generate data traffic simultaneously, causing transmission patterns across them to be correlated. We demonstrate that for most cases in such scenarios, the relaying gain is greater when the users' transmission patterns are more correlated, hence when more severe collisions take place. Our results have practical implications in various scenarios of wireless networks such as device-to-device systems and random media access control protocols.
I. INTRODUCTIONRelays have been considered unable to provide degrees-of-freedom (DoF) gains in standard information-theoretic channels in which transmitters are assumed to send signals at all times [1]. From these results, it may seem reasonable to think of relays as not playing much of a role in improving the performance of most channels. The purpose of this work is to show that it is yet premature to conclude so. In practice, transmitters in most wireless networks do not send signals all the time, unlike in the standard information-theoretic models. Rather, they exhibit bursty natures. Intermittent data traffic makes the availability of data for transmission limited at transmitters, as opposed to the conventional assumption in the standard models. This leads to bursty signal transmissions. Investigating such practical networks, which we call bursty networks hereby, a recent study has found that a relay can offer a DoF gain in bursty interference channels (ICs) and also help achieving interference-free DoF performances [2]. Likewise, subsequently in this work, we demonstrate that a relay in bursty multiple access channels (MACs) can also provide much benefits playing interesting roles.S. Kim is with Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea.