Opportunistic Fungus Infections Fusarium Infections

Zapater, R. C.

doi:10.3314/jjmm1960.27.68

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In keeping with this practical need, then, we hereby formally reinstate the original name The epidemiologic links between F. lichenicola and medically implicated isolates of F. solani are clearly suggested by a review of case literature pertaining to these fungi. F. lichenicola, for example, is most frequently medically significant as an agent of relatively aggressive keratitis subsequent to ocular trauma (1,29,31,33), just as F. solani is (18,19,26,30,59). Other well-documented cases of infection caused by F. lichenicola include disseminated infection (25) and local soft tissue infection (24) in leukemia patients and peritonitis related to chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (53).…”

Section: Fig 1 Phylogenetic Relationships Within the Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationship of Cylindrocarpon lichenicola and Acremonium falciforme to the Fusarium solani Species Complex and a Review of Similarities in the Spectrum of Opportunistic Infections Caused by These Fungi

Summerbell

Schroers

2002

J Clin Microbiol

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Section: Fig 1 Phylogenetic Relationships Within the Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationship of Cylindrocarpon lichenicola and Acremonium falciforme to the Fusarium solani Species Complex and a Review of Similarities in the Spectrum of Opportunistic Infections Caused by These Fungi

Summerbell

Schroers

2002

J Clin Microbiol

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“…The most frequent species of Fusarium causing keratitis are Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum (15,17). More rarely, Fusarium dimerum (15), Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium sacchari (17), and very recently, Fusarium polyphialidicum (5) have also been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping of 44 Isolates ofFusarium solani, the Main Agent of Fungal Keratitis in Brazil

Godoy¹,

Cano

Gené

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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In a retrospective study performed over 6 years in Brazil, Fusarium solani was found to be the most common species causing mycotic keratitis. The genetic diversity of 44 isolates from 39 patients was assessed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) fingerprinting. ERIC-PCR was more discriminatory than PCR-RFLP for differentiating the strains. By combining of the results of both techniques, we identified 40 genotypes. Molecular typing revealed a high genomic heterogeneity of the strains of F. solani studied.Fusarium is a common fungus that causes ocular infections in humans (2, 12), with keratitis being the most frequent clinical manifestation. The most frequent species of Fusarium causing keratitis are Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum (15,17). More rarely, Fusarium dimerum (15), Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium sacchari (17), and very recently, Fusarium polyphialidicum (5) have also been reported. Keratitis is more common in tropical and subtropical areas. Its incidence correlates with harvest time and seasonal increases in temperature and humidity (2). A high incidence of fusariosis, especially in immunocompromised patients, has been found in different regions of the world. However, the incidence of such fungi in ocular infections are unknown. In this study, we have determined the incidence of Fusarium in Brazil. For this purpose, we have performed a retrospective study of all cases of mycotic keratitis diagnosed over a period of 6 years at a referral eye care center that treats patients from both urban and rural areas. We also carried out the molecular genotyping of F. solani, the most common species, to evaluate its genetic diversity and to determine whether some strains are prevalent in the area studied. To test the fungi, we used two common molecular techniques, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). MATERIALS AND METHODSFungal isolates and culture conditions. All cases of fungal keratitis diagnosed over a 6-year period (1996 to 2002) in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Ophthalmology Department of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo were reviewed. The Ophthalmology Department is a referral center that treats patients from all over Brazil. Diagnosis was established by direct examination of corneal scrapings positive for fungal elements and repeated cultures of the same fungus. The samples were handled as previously described (6, 12). Fungal isolates were identified according to the method of de Hoog et al. (3).A total of 44 isolates of F. solani, including 35 epidemiologically unrelated isolates, and 9 isolates obtained from 4 patients were cultured on potato dextrose agar (Pronadisa, Madrid, Spain) at 25°C and tested by ERIC-PCR and PCR-RFLP analysis of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA), including ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, ITS2, and the D1-D2 region of the 28S rDNA.DNA extraction. Genomic DNA was extracted and purified directly from fungal colo...

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“…In immunocompetent patients, Fusarium species cause local infection; posttraumatic keratitis is the most common infection type seen (2,23,24). In contrast, immunocompromised and particularly hematological patients suffer severe infections, presenting with refractory fever in more than 90% of cases, with typical ecthyma-like skin lesions or sino-pulmonary infections occurring in approximately 75%.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Sequence Obtained With Reference Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium verticillioides Abscess of the Nasal Septum in an Immunosuppressed Child: Case Report and Identification of the Morphologically Atypical Fungal Strain

Dornbusch¹,

Buzina

Summerbell

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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Morphologically atypical Fusarium verticillioides causing a nasal abscess in a severely immunosuppressed child was successfully treated with repeated surgical intervention and liposomal amphotericin B, despite amphotericin B resistance in vitro. Definitive identification was achieved by sequencing the translation elongation factor ␣ gene after ribosomal sequencing proved inadequate. CASE REPORTA 9-year-old boy diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia in September 2001 had been treated with imatinib (STI 571) for 9 months and achieved hematologic and cytogenetic remission. After allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in June 2002, he developed severe chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) involving the skin, the liver, and the gastrointestinal tract. GvHD was accompanied by dryness of the eyes, nose, and mouth, which frequently made the patient feel compelled to pick his nose despite moistening measures. Under immunosuppression with cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, prednisolone, and budesonide, the patient required repeated courses of antiviral treatment for the reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6, and Epstein-Barr virus, revealed by PCR in his blood. He experienced several febrile episodes, most of which responded to broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, except for one episode which required the addition of antifungal treatment with liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB). While receiving antimicrobial prophylaxis with oral penicillin V (for functional hyposplenia) and intravenous caspofungin, the patient became febrile again on day 579 after bone marrow transplant and exhibited a slight increase of C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocytosis (18,600/l) with a marked left shift. An intranasal tumor protruding through both nostrils was observed. Ear, nose, and throat evaluation revealed a fluctuant mass on both sides of the cartilaginous nasal septum, with partial destruction of the cartilage shown by computed tomography (CT) imaging (Fig. 1). Hemorrhagic and purulent fluid was aspirated, and antibiotic treatment with piperacillin and tazobactam was started. A cytologic examination revealed no signs of malignancy nor the presence of microorganisms. The patient remained febrile, and CRP increased to a maximum of 58 mg/liter. When the microbiology lab reported the growth of a fungal species 2 days after abscess drainage, caspofungin was replaced by LAMB at a dose of 6 mg kg of body weight Ϫ1 day Ϫ1 . Culture on Sabouraud glucose agar and microscopy revealed features suggestive of Fusarium spp. In the following days, the patient, still under immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids, markedly improved, with defervescence as well as normalization of CRP and granulocyte counts. One week after the operation, his nasal respiration gradually deteriorated again, and bilateral swelling at the anterior nasal septum required another drainage 13 days after the first surgical intervention. Debridement of the fungal focus was not performed in order to avoid di...

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Opportunistic Fungus Infections Fusarium Infections

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationship of Cylindrocarpon lichenicola and Acremonium falciforme to the Fusarium solani Species Complex and a Review of Similarities in the Spectrum of Opportunistic Infections Caused by These Fungi

Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationship of Cylindrocarpon lichenicola and Acremonium falciforme to the Fusarium solani Species Complex and a Review of Similarities in the Spectrum of Opportunistic Infections Caused by These Fungi

Genotyping of 44 Isolates ofFusarium solani, the Main Agent of Fungal Keratitis in Brazil

Fusarium verticillioides Abscess of the Nasal Septum in an Immunosuppressed Child: Case Report and Identification of the Morphologically Atypical Fungal Strain

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