Opportunistic Fungal Pneumonia

Je, Connolly; Hp, McAdams; Jj, Erasmus; Ml, Rosado-de-Christenson

doi:10.1097/00005382-199901000-00005

Cited by 75 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…An early computed tomography ®nding, but seen with thin collimation, is the rim of ground-glass opacity surrounding the nodules (computed tomography halo sign) [26]. This sign is, however, nonspeci®c and has also been described in patients with tuberculosis, mucormycosis and Wegener's granulomatosis [1]. Cavitation is usually a late ®nding.…”

Section: Aspergillus Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal infections in transplant recipients

Nicod

Howarth

2001

Eur Respir J

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Fungi are ubiquitous and the respiratory tract is exposed to aerosolized spores of both fungi that are “pathogenic” even in the normal host, such asCryptococus neoformans, and those that are “opportunistic”, such asCandidaandAspergillusspecies, among others. Although these latter species may occasionally form fungal balls or induce allergic phenomena in the normal host, they produce more invasive diseases in immunosuppressed patients. Among these diseases, pseudomembranous aspergillosis has recently been described.The diagnostic approach to these entities, and, in particular, the thin dividing line between colonization and infection are addressed, along with the diagnostic value of the various procedures.New prophylactic regimens are reviewed such as the possibility of using amphotericin aerosols in combination with systemic azole administration.The authors would emphasize the importance of restoring lung defences by not only decreasing immunosuppressive regimens but also considering the use of newly available recombinant cytokines such as growth factors, to reduce neutropenia, for instance, in addition to antifungal drugs when infection is diagnosed. However, immunomodulation procedures are far from being well established.

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Section: Aspergillus Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A separate group of potential fungal pathogens generally infect only those patients with abnormal host defences against infection. Among these so-called "opportunistic" fungi, Candida and Aspergillus species are those most commonly found in transplant patients [1] but others such as Torulopsis glabrata or Phycomycetes (Mucor or Rhizopus) can also occur.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal infections in transplant recipients

Nicod

Howarth

2001

Eur Respir J

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“…Other yeasts and some filamentous fungi also account for an increasing number of opportunistic infections. Thus, beside Cryptococcus neoformans and the well-known aspergilli, some members of the Mucoraceae and the Hyphomycetes, such as some Fusarium and Scedosporium species, have emerged as opportunistic pathogens [8,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Five Commercial Sabouraud Gentamicin-Chloramphenicol Agar Media

Brun

Bocquel

et al. 2001

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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The diagnosis of fungal infections relies on the isolation of the causative agent by culture of clinical specimens. Among the different culture media, Sabouraud glucose agar remains the most widely used. The use of commercial culture media is highly recommended as good laboratory practice in clinical microbiology. Therefore, the comparative performance of five different Sabouraud gentamicin-chloramphenicol agar media, available commercially as plates, was investigated. A total of 124 strains encompassing 45 yeasts and 79 filamentous fungi were cultured. Colonies of the dermatophytes (28 strains) and some related keratinophilic fungi (6 strains) were of overall similar appearance or size on all five media. Conversely, all the Aspergillus strains tested (n=17) as well as a few other strains of Hyphomycetes (n=5/18) exhibited important differences in the colour of the colonies. Furthermore, growth of the members of Mucorace ae was also affected, with great differences in the diameter of the colonies observed. In addition, quantitative cultures of the yeasts revealed marked variations in the number of the colonies, or even no growth, for two Candida species, Cryptococcus species, and Trichosporon cutaneum. In conclusion, the only formulation that gave good results with all fungal types tested was the one from Becton Dickinson (France).

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“…35 The most common pathogen is AF, seen in about 10% of patients. 34,44 In the immunocompromised, Aspergillus may be angioinvasive, causing hemorrhagic infarction or airwayinvasive causing tracheobronchitis, bronchiectasis, or pneumonia. Often these clinical syndromes will overlap.…”

Section: Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Posttransplant Lung Disease

Mallory

Elidemir

2005

Clinical Pulmonary Medicine

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Over 60,000 individuals undergo solid organ or hematopoietic cell transplantation in the United States each year. Because the lungs are both exposed to the contaminated environment of ambient air and a relative hotbed of immunologic activity even in health, pulmonary complications are common and important in this clinical context. Lung transplantation and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation are the focus of this paper since pulmonary complications are most common and most devastating in these situations. Both infectious and noninfectious inflammatory complications are examined from both diagnostic and therapeutic points of view. Acute and chronic graft rejection remains a significant barrier to long-term survival after lung transplantation. Pulmonary complications after bone marrow transplantation are highly time dependent and continue to cause significant morbidity. The similarities and differences between bronchiolitis obliterans associated with chronic graft versus host disease and lung transplantation are briefly outlined. We also emphasize recent developments that hopefully will lead to improved outcomes in the 21 st century.

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Opportunistic Fungal Pneumonia

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Fungal infections in transplant recipients

Fungal infections in transplant recipients

Evaluation of Five Commercial Sabouraud Gentamicin-Chloramphenicol Agar Media

Management of Posttransplant Lung Disease

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